Federico Reghenzani
ABSTRACT
Scheduling Mixed-Criticality (MC) workload is a challenging problem in real-time computing. Earliest Deadline First Virtual Deadline (EDF-VD) is one of the most famous scheduling algorithm with optimal speedup bound properties. However, when EDF-VD is used to schedule task sets using a model with additional or relaxed constraints, its scheduling properties change. Inspired by an application of MC to the scheduling of fault tolerant tasks, in this article, we propose two models for multiple criticality levels: the first is a specialization of the MC model, and the second is a generalization of it. We then show, via formal proofs and numerical simulations, that the former considerably improves the speedup bound of EDF-VD. Finally, we provide the proofs related to the optimality of the two models, identifying the need of new scheduling algorithms.
- S. Baruah, V. Bonifaci, G. DAngelo, H. Li, A. Marchetti-Spaccamela, S. van der Ster, and L. Stougie. 2012. The Preemptive Uniprocessor Scheduling of Mixed-Criticality Implicit-Deadline Sporadic Task Systems. In 2012 24th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems. IEEE, Pisa, Italy, 145--154.Google Scholar
- S. Baruah, V. Bonifaci, G. D'angelo, H. Li, A. Marchetti-Spaccamela, S. Van Der Ster, and L. Stougie. 2015. Preemptive Uniprocessor Scheduling of Mixed-Criticality Sporadic Task Systems. J. ACM 62, 2, Article 14 (may 2015), 33 pages.Google Scholar
- S. Baruah, H. Li, and L. Stougie. 2010. Towards the Design of Certifiable Mixed-criticality Systems. In 2010 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium. IEEE, Stockholm, Sweden, 13--22.Google Scholar
- A. Bhuiyan, F. Reghenzani, W. Fornaciari, and Z. Guo. 2020. Optimizing Energy in Non-Preemptive Mixed-Criticality Scheduling by Exploiting Probabilistic Information. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 39, 11 (2020), 3906--3917.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Burns and R.I. Davis. 2017. A Survey of Research into Mixed Criticality Systems. ACM Comput. Surv. 50, 6, Article 82 (nov 2017), 37 pages.Google Scholar
- R. Ernst and M. Di Natale. 2016. Mixed Criticality Systems---A History of Misconceptions? IEEE Design & Test 33, 5 (2016), 65--74.Google Scholar
- A. Esper, G. Nelissen, V. Nélis, and E. Tovar. 2015. How Realistic is the Mixed-Criticality Real-Time System Model?. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Real Time and Networks Systems. ACM, Lille, France, 139--148.Google Scholar
- Z. Guo, K. Yang, S. Vaidhun, S. Arefin, S.K. Das, and H. Xiong. 2018. Uniprocessor Mixed-Criticality Scheduling with Graceful Degradation by Completion Rate. In IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, Nashville, TN, USA, 373--383.Google Scholar
- F. Reghenzani, Z. Guo, L. Santinelli, and W. Fornaciari. 2022. A Mixed-Criticality Approach to Fault Tolerance: Integrating Schedulability and Failure Requirements. In 2022 IEEE 28th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, Milan, Italy, 27--39.Google Scholar
- S. Vestal. 2007. Preemptive Scheduling of Multi-criticality Systems with Varying Degrees of Execution Time Assurance. In 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS). IEEE, Tucson, AZ, USA, 239--243.Google Scholar
- M. Völp. 2014. What if we would degrade LO tasks in mixed-criticality systems?. In Work-in-Progress Session of the 20th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS). IEEE, Berlin, Germany, 2 pages.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Mixed-Criticality with Integer Multiple WCETs and Dropping Relations: New Scheduling Challenges
Recommendations
Multiprocessor Scheduling of Precedence-constrained Mixed-Critical Jobs
ISORC '15: Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Real-Time Distributed ComputingThe real-time system design targeting multiprocessor platforms leads to two important complications in real-time scheduling. First, to ensure deterministic processing by communicating tasks the scheduling has to consider precedence constraints. The ...
Mixed-Criticality Scheduling on Multiprocessors Using Task Grouping
ECRTS '15: Proceedings of the 2015 27th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time SystemsReal-time systems are increasingly running a mix of tasks with different criticality levels: for instance, unmanned aerial vehicle has multiple software functions with different safety criticality levels, but runs them on a single, shared computational ...
On the Scheduling of Fault-Tolerant Mixed-Criticality Systems
DAC '14: Proceedings of the 51st Annual Design Automation ConferenceWe consider in this paper fault-tolerant mixed-criticality scheduling, where heterogeneous safety guarantees must be provided to functionalities (tasks) of varying criticalities (importances). We model explicitly the safety requirements for tasks of ...
Comments