ABSTRACT
This study explores how to move towards designing technologies to enrich the parent-adult child relationship after adult children leave home. This time is a turning point for adult children as they establish an independent life, while it marks a change in responsibilities and freedoms enjoyed by parents. We conducted interviews with 7 parents and 6 adult children to understand how they currently use technologies like Skype and WhatsApp to maintain their relationship. The findings show how parents and adult children's positions raise tensions when balancing independence and closeness, how these tensions affect technology-mediated communication, and that there is limited dialogue about the differences between their positions. Inspired by Position Exchange Theory, we discuss how design methods and technology design can enable parents and adult children to see the world through each other's eyes. This process can contribute to developing a better understanding of how they can renegotiate their new social positions and thus enrich their relationship.
- Adel Al-Dawood, Norah Abokhodair, Houda El mimouni and Svetlana Yarosh. 2017. "Against Marrying a Stranger": Marital Matchmaking Technologies in Saudi Arabia. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. ACM, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 1013--1024. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Aloha Hufana Ambe, Margot Brereton, Alessandro Soro and Paul Roe. 2017. Technology Individuation: The Foibles of Augmented Everyday Objects. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 6632--6644. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Morgan G. Ames, Janet Go, Joseph 'Jofish' Kaye and Mirjana Spasojevic. 2010. Making Love in the Network Closet: The Benefits and Work of Family Videochat. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work. ACM, Savannah, Georgia, USA, 145--154. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tawfiq Ammari, Priya Kumar, Cliff Lampe and Sarita Schoenebeck. 2015. Managing Children's Online Identities: How Parents Decide What to Disclose About Their Children Online. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1895--1904. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tawfiq Ammari and Sarita Schoenebeck. 2015. Understanding and Supporting Fathers and Fatherhood on Social Media Sites. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 1905--1914. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tawfiq Ammari, Sarita Schoenebeck and Daniel M. Romero. 2018. Pseudonymous Parents: Comparing Parenting Roles and Identities on the Mommit and Daddit Subreddits. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Montreal QC, Canada, 1--13. Google ScholarDigital Library
- William S. Aquilino. 2006. Family Relationships and Support Systems in Emerging Adulthood. In Emerging Adults in America: Coming of Age in the 21st Century., Jeffrey Jensen Arnett and Jennifer Lynn Tanner Eds. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, US, 193--217.Google Scholar
- Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. 2000. Emerging Adulthood: A Theory of Development from the Late Teens through the Twenties. American Psychologist 55, 5, 469--480.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. 2014. Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens through the Twenties (Second;2;2nd;). Oxford University Press, New York.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elizabeth S. Bales and Siân Lindley. 2013. Supporting a Sense of Connectedness: Meaningful Things in the Lives of New University Students. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. ACM, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1137--1146. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pollie Barden, Rob Comber, David Green, Daniel Jackson, Cassim Ladha, Tom Bartindale, Nick Bryan-Kinns, Tony Stockman and Patrick Olivier. 2012. Telematic Dinner Party: Designing for Togetherness through Play and Performance. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference. ACM, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 38--47. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kira S. Birditt, Laura M. Miller, Karen L. Fingerman and Eva S. Lefkowitz. 2009. Tensions in the Parent and Adult Child Relationship: Links to Solidarity and Ambivalence. Psychology and Aging 24, 2, 287--295.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lindsay Blackwell, Emma Gardiner and Sarita Schoenebeck. 2016. Managing Expectations: Technology Tensions among Parents and Teens. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. ACM, San Francisco, California, USA, 1390--1401. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mark Blythe, Jamie Steane, Jenny Roe and Caroline Oliver. 2015. Solutionism, the Game: Design Fictions for Positive Aging. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 3849--3858. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Geneviève Bouchard. 2014. How Do Parents React When Their Children Leave Home? An Integrative Review. J. Adult Dev. 21, 2, 69--79.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2006. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3, 2, 77--101.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Margot Brereton, Alessandro Soro, Kate Vaisutis and Paul Roe. 2015. The Messaging Kettle: Prototyping Connection over a Distance between Adult Children and Older Parents. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 713--716. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jed R. Brubaker, Gina Venolia and John C. Tang. 2012. Focusing on Shared Experiences: Moving Beyond the Camera in Video Communication. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference. ACM, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 96--105. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jamika D. Burge and Deborah Tatar. 2009. Affect and Dyads: Conflict across Different Technological Media. In Media Space 20 + Years of Mediated Life, Steve Harrison Ed. Springer London, London, 123--144.Google Scholar
- Xiang Cao, Abigail Sellen, A.J. Bernheim Brush, David Kirk, Darren Edge and Xianghua Ding. 2010. Understanding Family Communication across Time Zones. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work. ACM, Savannah, Georgia, USA, 155--158. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Min Zhen Chai, Alessandro Soro, Paul Roe and Margot Brereton. 2017. Cooking Together at a Distance: Sustain Connectedness for Long Distance Families. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2437--2444. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raymundo Cornejo, Mónica Tentori and Jesús Favela. 2013. Ambient Awareness to Strengthen the Family Social Network of Older Adults. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 22, 2, 309--344. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Martha J. Cox and Blair Paley. 2003. Understanding Families as Systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, 5, 193--196.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bronwyn Davies and Rom Harré. 1990. Positioning: The Discursive Production of Selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 20, 1, 43--63.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hilary Davis, Frank Vetere, Martin Gibbs and Peter Francis. 2012. Come Play with Me: Designing Technologies for Intergenerational Play. Universal Access in the Information Society 11, 1, 17--29. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Abigail Durrant, David Kirk, Diego Trujillo Pisanty, Wendy Moncur, Kathryn Orzech, Tom Schofield, Chris Elsden, David Chatting and Andrew Monk. 2017. Transitions in Digital Personhood: Online Activity in Early Retirement. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 6398--6411. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Gillespie. 2012. Position Exchange: The Social Development of Agency. New Ideas in Psychology 30, 1, 32--46.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alex Gillespie and Jack Martin. 2014. Position Exchange Theory: A Socio-Material Basis for Discursive and Psychological Positioning. New Ideas in Psychology 32, 73--79.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tamara D. Golish. 2000. Changes in Closeness between Adult Children and Their Parents: A Turning Point Analysis. Communication Reports 13, 2, 79--97.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Francisco J. Gutierrez and Sergio F. Ochoa. 2016. Mom, I Do Have a Family!: Attitudes, Agreements, and Expectations on the Interaction with Chilean Older Adults. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. ACM, San Francisco, California, USA, 1402--1411. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kyungsik Han, Sanghack Lee, Jin Yea Jang, Yong Jung and Dongwon Lee. 2016. Teens Are from Mars, Adults Are from Venus: Analyzing and Predicting Age Groups with Behavioral Characteristics in Instagram. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Web Science. ACM, Hannover, Germany, 35--44. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lilly C. Irani and Paul Dourish. 2009. Postcolonial Interculturality. In Proceedings of the 2009 international workshop on Intercultural collaboration. ACM, Palo Alto, California, USA, 249--252. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lilly Irani, Janet Vertesi, Paul Dourish, Kavita Philip and Rebecca E. Grinter. 2010. Postcolonial Computing: A Lens on Design and Development. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 1311--1320. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yoshihiro Itoh, Asami Miyajima and Takumi Watanabe. 2002. 'Tsunagari' Communication: Fostering a Feeling of Connection between Family Members. In CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 810--811. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sanjay Kairam, Mike Brzozowski, David Huffaker and Ed Chi. 2012. Talking in Circles: Selective Sharing in Google+. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Austin, Texas, USA, 1065--1074. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Konstantinos Kazakos, Steve Howard and Frank Vetere. 2013. Revisiting the Relationship between Reunion and Technology-Mediated Separation in Periodically Transitioning Families. In Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. ACM, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1157--1168. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Effie Le Moignan, Shaun Lawson, Duncan A. Rowland, Jamie Mahoney and Pam Briggs. 2017. Has Instagram Fundamentally Altered the 'Family Snapshot'? In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 4935--4947. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Eva Lenz, Marc Hassenzahl, Wasili Adamow, Patrick Beedgen, Kirstin Kohler and Hanna Schneider. 2016. Four Stories About Feeling Close over a Distance. In Proceedings of the TEI '16: Tenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. ACM, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 494--499. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Siân E. Lindley, Richard Harper and Abigail Sellen. 2008. Designing for Elders: Exploring the Complexity of Relationships in Later Life. In Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1. British Computer Society, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 77--86. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jack Martin and Alex Gillespie. 2013. Position Exchange Theory and Personhood: Moving between Positions and Perspectives within Physical, Sociocultural, and Psychological Space and Time. In The Psychology of Personhood: Philosophical, Historical, Social-Developmental, and Narrative Perspectives, Mark H. Bickhard Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 147--164.Google Scholar
- Melissa Mazmanian and Simone Lanette. 2017. "Okay, One More Episode": An Ethnography of Parenting in the Digital Age. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. ACM, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2273--2286. Google ScholarDigital Library
- John McCarthy and Peter Wright. 2004. Technology as Experience. MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Asami Miyajima, Yoshihiro Itoh, Masako Itoh and Takumi Watanabe. 2005. "Tsunagari-Kan" Communication: Design of a New Telecommunication Environment and a Field Test with Family Members Living Apart. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 19, 2, 253--276.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Meredith Ringel Morris. 2014. Social Networking Site Use by Mothers of Young Children. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. ACM, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 1272--1282. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carol Moser, Tianying Chen and Sarita Y. Schoenebeck. 2017. Parents' and Children's Preferences About Parents Sharing About Children on Social Media. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 5221--5225. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Shannon O'Brien and Alex Thorogood. 2007. Jogging over a Distance: Supporting a "Jogging Together" Experience Although Being Apart. In CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, San Jose, CA, USA, 1989--1994. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carman Neustaedter and Saul Greenberg. 2012. Intimacy in Long-Distance Relationships over Video Chat. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Austin, Texas, USA, 753--762. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Midas Nouwens, Carla F. Griggio and Wendy E. Mackay. 2017. "Whatsapp Is for Family; Messenger Is for Friends": Communication Places in App Ecosystems. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 727--735. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kenton P. O'Hara, Michael Massimi, Richard Harper, Simon Rubens and Jessica Morris. 2014. Everyday Dwelling with Whatsapp. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing. ACM, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 1131--1143. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Leysia Palen and Paul Dourish. 2003. Unpacking "Privacy" for a Networked World. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, 129--136. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Agueda Parra, Alfredo Oliva and Maria del Carmen Reina. 2015. Family Relationships from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood:A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Family Issues 36, 14, 2002--2020.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alan Russell. 2010. Parent-Child Relationships and Influences. In The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development, Wiley-Blackwell, 337--355.Google Scholar
- Madeline E. Smith, Duyen T. Nguyen, Charles Lai, Gilly Leshed and Eric P.S. Baumer. 2012. Going to College and Staying Connected: Communication between College Freshmen and Their Parents. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. ACM, Seattle, Washington, USA, 789--798. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Susan Sontag. 1990. On Photography. Anchor Books, New York.Google Scholar
- Anthony Tang and Omid Fakourfar. 2017. Watching 360° Videos Together. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Denver, Colorado, USA, 4501--4506. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sherry Turkle. 2011. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other (1). Basic Books, New York. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wouter van der Hoog, Ianus Keller and Pieter Jan Stappers. 2004. Gustbowl: Technology Supporting Affective Communication through Routine Ritual Interactions. In CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Vienna, Austria, 775--776. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Frank Vetere, Martin R. Gibbs, Jesper Kjeldskov, Steve Howard, Florian 'Floyd' Mueller, Sonja Pedell, Karen Mecoles and Marcus Bunyan. 2005. Mediating Intimacy: Designing Technologies to Support Strong-Tie Relationships. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Portland, Oregon, USA, 471--480. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas V. Visser, Martijn H. Vastenburg and David V. Keyson. 2011. Designing to Support Social Connectedness: The Case of Snowglobe. International Journal of Design 5, 3.Google Scholar
- Marisol Wong-Villacres and Shaowen Bardzell. 2011. Technology-Mediated Parent-Child Intimacy: Designing for Ecuadorian Families Separated by Migration. In CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2215--2220. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Samantha Yglesias, Deborah Tatar, Steve Harrison and Joon Suk Lee. 2016. Balancing Behaviors: Design-Relevant Phenomena in Couples' Argumentation Via Different Media. In Emotions, Technology, and Behaviors, Dorothy L. Espelage Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, 123--142.Google Scholar
- Z. Zeng, L. Liu, Y. Han and Z. Liu. 2016. Understanding Mobile Sns Usage for Aging People in China: A Perspective from Motivations, Trust and Attitude. In 2nd International Conference on Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population, ITAP 2016 and held as a part of 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI International 2016. Springer Verlag, 256--265.Google Scholar
- Rui Zhou, Zhonghe Wen, Muchao Tang and Betsy DiSalvo. 2017. Navigating Media Use: Chinese Parents and Their Overseas Adolescent Children on Wechat. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems. ACM, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 1025--1037. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Towards design for renegotiating the parent-adult child relationship after children leave home
Recommendations
Parent and child problematic media use: The role of maternal postpartum depression and dysfunctional parent-child interactions in young children
AbstractProblematic media use, or media use that interferes with daily functioning, is most often studied in adolescent or young adult age groups. Less research has examined problematic media use within the family system, among parents and ...
Highlights- Problematic media use is seen in children as young as 3–4 years old and in their parents.
Loneliness, parent-child communication and cyberbullying victimization among Spanish youths
Cyberbullying has been recognized as an important risk factor for mental health. Few studies have analyzed relationships between family variables and cyberbullying victimization. This ex post facto study analyze the relationships between loneliness, ...
Comments