Y. Wayne Wu
Skip Abstract Section
Abstract
Content creators fear receiving unnecessarily harsh criticism when posting creative work in online platforms. We refer to feedback written in an unnecessary harsh tone as negative feedback. We conducted an online experiment to investigate the efficacy of three coping activities for mitigating the influence of negative feedback: self-affirmation, expressive writing, and distraction. Participants (N=480) received feedback sets with different balances of neutral and negative valence content and revised their essays after performing the assigned activity. We measured participants' affective states, extents of revision, and their perceptions of the feedback and its providers. Our results showed even a small amount of negativity had significant adverse effects on all the measures. For the coping activities, we found that expressive writing encouraged essay revision, distraction improved affective states and feedback provider perception, and self-affirmation had no significant effects on the measures. Our results contribute further empirical knowledge of how negative valence feedback impacts content creators and how the coping activities tested mitigate these effects. We also offer practical guidelines regarding when and how to use the activities tested in online feedback platforms.
- Anne Aula and Veikko Surakka. 2002. Auditory Emotional Feedback Facilitates Human-Computer Interaction. In People and Computers XVI - Memorable Yet Invisible. Springer London, London, 337--349.Google Scholar
- Benjamin. Baird, Jonathan. Smallwood, Michael. D. Mrazek, Julia. W. Y. Kam, Michael. S. Franklin, and Jonathan. W. Schooler. 2012. Inspired by Distraction. Psychol. Sci. 23, 10 (October 2012), 1117--1122.Google Scholar
- John P. Baker and Howard Berenbaum. 2007. Emotional approach and problem-focused coping: A comparison of potentially adaptive strategies. Cogn. Emot. 21, 1 (2007), 95--118.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paul Baker. 2006. Moral panic and alternative identity construction in Usenet. J. Comput. Commun. 7, 1 (June 2006), 0--0.Google Scholar
- Roy F Baumeister, Ellen Bratslavsky, Catrin Finkenauer, and Kathleen D Vohs. 2001. Bad is stronger than good. Rev. Gen. Psychol. 5, 4 (2001), 323--370.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Matthew J Bietz. 2008. Effects of communication media on the interpretation of critical feedback. Proc. ACM 2008 Conf. Comput. Support. Coop. Work - CSCW '08 (2008), 467--476. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Patricia C. Broderick. 2005. Mindfulness and Coping with Dysphoric Mood: Contrasts with Rumination and Distraction. Cognit. Ther. Res. 29, 5 (October 2005), 501--510.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. J. Brown, A. C. N. Chen, and S. F. Dworkin. 1989. Music in the Control of Human Pain. Music Ther. 8, 1 (January 1989), 47--60.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Erin E. Buckels, Paul D. Trapnell, and Delroy L. Paulhus. 2014. Trolls just want to have fun. Pers. Individ. Dif. 67, (September 2014), 97--102.Google Scholar
- Paul Cairns, Pratyush Pandab, and Christopher Power. 2014. The influence of emotion on number entry errors. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '14, 2293--2296. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christine T. Chambers, Anna Taddio, Lindsay S. Uman, and C.Meghan Meghan McMurtry. 2009. Psychological interventions for reducing pain and distress during routine childhood immunizations: A systematic review. Clin. Ther. 31, SUPPL. 2 (January 2009), S77--S103.Google Scholar
- Justin Cheng, Michael Bernstein, Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, and Jure Leskovec. 2017. Anyone Can Become a Troll. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW '17, 1217--1230. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Clayton R Critcher, David Dunning, and David a Armor. 2010. When Self-Affirmations Reduce Defensiveness: Timing Is Key. Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 36, 7 (July 2010), 947--959.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chrysanthos N. Dellarocas. 2010. Designing Reputation Systems for the Social Web. SSRN Electron. J. (2010).Google Scholar
- Robert Deloatch, Brian P Bailey, Alex Kirlik, and Craig Zilles. 2017. I Need Your Encouragement! Requesting Supportive Comments on Social Media Reduces Test Anxiety. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hendrien Duijnhouwer, Frans J. Prins, and Karel M. Stokking. 2012. Feedback providing improvement strategies and reflection on feedback use: Effects on students' writing motivation, process, and performance. Learn. Instr. 22, 3 (June 2012), 171--184.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Joseph Falout, James Elwood, and Michael Hood. 2009. Demotivation: Affective states and learning outcomes. System 37, 3 (September 2009), 403--417.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Michael D Greenberg, Matthew W Easterday, and Elizabeth M Gerber. 2015. Critiki. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition - C&C '15, 235--244. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peter R. Harris and Tracy Epton. 2009. The Impact of Self-Affirmation on Health Cognition, Health Behaviour and Other Health-Related Responses: A Narrative Review. Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass 3, 6 (2009), 962--978.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B.F. F. Hudson, J. Ogden, and M.S. S. Whiteley. 2015. Randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of simple distraction interventions on pain and anxiety experienced during conscious surgery. Eur. J. Pain (United Kingdom) 19, 10 (November 2015), 1447--1455.Google Scholar
- Nicolas Kaufmann, Thimo Schulze, and Daniel J. Veit. 2011. More than fun and money. Worker Motivation in Crowdsourcing - A Study on Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the 17th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2011), 340.Google Scholar
- Peter Kollock and Marc Smith. 1996. Managing the virtual commons. . 109.Google Scholar
- Günter Krampen. 1997. Promotion of creativity (divergent productions) and convergent productions by systematic-relaxation exercises: empirical evidence from five experimental studies with children, young adults, and elderly. Eur. J. Pers. 11, 2 (June 1997), 83--99.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cliff Lampe and Paul Resnick. 2004. Slash(dot) and burn. In Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '04, 543--550. Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Lazarus. 1993. From Psychological Stress to the Emotions: A History of Changing Outlooks. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 44, 1 (January 1993), 1--21.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stephen J. Lepore and Joshua M. Smyth (Eds.). 2002. The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and emotional well-being. American Psychological Association, Washington.Google Scholar
- Vladimir I. Levenshtein. 1966. Binary codes capable of correcting deletions, insertions, and reversals. Soviet Physics Doklady 10, 707--710. DOI:https://doi.org/citeulike-article-id:311174Google Scholar
- Linda Lu and Ruiling Bol. 2007. A Comparison of Anonymous Versus Identifiable e-Peer Review on College Student Writing Performance and the Extent of Critical Feedback. J. Interact. Online Learn. 6, 2 (2007), 100--115. Retrieved from www.ncolr.org/jiolGoogle Scholar
- Kurt Luther, Jari-lee Tolentino, Wei Wu, Amy Pavel, Brian P Bailey, Maneesh Agrawala, Björn Hartmann, and Steven P Dow. 2015. Structuring, Aggregating, and Evaluating Crowdsourced Design Critique. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW '15, 473--485. Google ScholarDigital Library
- W J McKEACHIE, D POLLIE, and J SPEISMAN. 1955. Relieving anxiety in classroom examinations. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 50, 1 (January 1955), 93--8. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13232935Google Scholar
- Amy MCQueen and William M. P. Klein. 2006. Experimental manipulations of self-affirmation: A systematic review. Self Identity 5, 4 (October 2006), 289--354.Google Scholar
- Melissa M. Nelson and Christian D. Schunn. 2009. The nature of feedback: How different types of peer feedback affect writing performance. Instr. Sci. 37, 4 (2009), 375--401.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Thi Thao Duyen T. Nguyen, Thomas Garncarz, Felicia Ng, Laura A. Dabbish, and Steven P. Dow. 2017. Fruitful Feedback. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing - CSCW '17, 1024--1034. Google ScholarDigital Library
- James W. Pennebaker. 1997. Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process. Psychol. Sci. 8, 3 (1997), 162--166.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jenny Preece. 2000. Online Communities: Designing Usability and Supporting Sociability. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gerardo Ramirez and Sian L Beilock. 2011. Writing About Testing Worries Boosts Exam Performance in the Classroom. Science (80-. ). 331, 6014 (January 2011), 211--213.Google Scholar
- Mark B. Reed and Lisa G. Aspinwall. 1998. Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information. Motiv. Emot. 22, 2 (1998), 99--132.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alwin de Rooij and Sara Jones. 2013. Mood and creativity. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Creativity & Cognition - C&C '13, 362. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeffrey Rzeszotarski and Aniket Kittur. 2012. CrowdScape. In Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST '12, 55. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeffrey M Rzeszotarski and Aniket Kittur. 2011. Instrumenting the crowd. In Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology - UIST '11, 13.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Peter Salmon. 2001. Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 21, 1 (February 2001), 33--61.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mattia Samory and Enoch Peserico. 2017. Sizing Up the Troll. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '17, 6943--6947. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ryan D. Schroeder and John F. Frana. 2009. SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION, EMOTIONAL COPING, AND CRIMINAL DESISTANCE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF MEN UNDERGOING CHANGE. Sociol. Spectr. 29, 6 (October 2009), 718--741.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David K. Sherman and Geoffrey L. Cohen. 2006. The Psychology of Self-defense: Self-Affirmation Theory. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 183--242.Google Scholar
- David K. Sherman and Geoffrey L Cohen. 2002. Accepting Threatening Information: Self--Affirmation and the Reduction of Defensive Biases. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 11, 4 (August 2002), 119--123.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Claude M. Steele. 1988. The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 261--302.Google Scholar
- John Suler. 2004. The Online Disinhibition Effect. CyberPsychology Behav. 7, 3 (June 2004), 321--326.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B A Thyer, J D Papsdorf, D P Himle, B S McCann, S Caldwell, and M Wickert. 1981. In vivo distraction-coping in the treatment of test anxiety. J. Clin. Psychol. 37, 4 (October 1981), 754--64. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7309864Google ScholarCross Ref
- Catalina L. Toma. 2010. Affirming the self through online profiles. In Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '10, 1749. Google ScholarDigital Library
- D Watson, L a Clark, and A Tellegen. 1988. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54, 6 (1988), 1063--70.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Lynne J. Williams and Hervé Herve Abdi. 2010. Fisher's Least Significant Difference Test. In Encyclopedia of Research Design. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States, 1--6.Google Scholar
- B. L. Wisner, B. Jones, and D. Gwin. 2010. School-based Meditation Practices for Adolescents: A Resource for Strengthening Self-Regulation, Emotional Coping, and Self-Esteem. Child. Sch. 32, 3 (July 2010), 150--159.Google Scholar
- Y Wayne Wu and Brian P Bailey. 2016. Novices Who Focused or Experts Who Didn't? In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16, 4086--4097. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Y Wayne Wu and Brian P Bailey. 2017. Bitter Sweet or Sweet Bitter? In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition - C&C '17, 137--147. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anbang Xu, Shih-wen Huang, and Brian Bailey. 2014. Voyant. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing - CSCW '14, 1433--1444. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Koji Yatani, Michael Novati, Andrew Trusty, and Khai N. Truong. 2011. Review spotlight. In Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '11, 1541.Google Scholar
- Yu-Chun Grace Yen, Steven P. Dow, Elizabeth Gerber, and Brian P. Bailey. 2016. Social Network, Web Forum, or Task Market? In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems - DIS '16, 773--784. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yu-Chun Grace Yen, Steven P. Dow, Elizabeth Gerber, and Brian P. Bailey. 2017. Listen to Others, Listen to Yourself. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and Cognition - C&C '17, 158--170. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alvin Yuan, Kurt Luther, Markus Krause, Sophie Isabel Vennix, Steven P Dow, and Björn Hartmann. 2016. Almost an Expert: The Effects of Rubrics and Expertise on Perceived Value of Crowdsourced Design Critiques. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing - CSCW '16, 1003--1015. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Haiyi Zhu, Amy Zhang, Jiping He, Robert E Kraut, and Aniket Kittur. 2013. Effects of peer feedback on contribution. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '13, 2253. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Soften the Pain, Increase the Gain: Enhancing Users' Resilience to Negative Valence Feedback
Recommendations
Better Feedback from Nicer People: Narrative Empathy and Ingroup Framing Improve Feedback Exchange
CSCWOnline feedback exchange platforms enable content creators to collect a diverse set of design feedback quickly. However, creators can experience low quality and harsh feedback when using such platforms. In this paper, we leverage the empathy of the ...
Bitter Sweet or Sweet Bitter?: How Valence Order and Source Identity Influence Feedback Acceptance
C&C '17: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGCHI Conference on Creativity and CognitionContent creators are less receptive to feedback with negative valence, and such feedback is frequently received online. To address this problem, we propose a novel method that orders a set of feedback based on its valence; using the feedback with ...
Image-based Emotion Feedback: How Does the Crowd Feel? And Why?
DIS '17: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive SystemsIn previous work we developed a method for interior designers to receive image-based feedback about a crowd's emotions when viewing their designs. Although the designers clearly desired a service which provided the new style of feedback, we wanted to ...
Comments