ABSTRACT
Wikipedia editors are uniquely motivated to collaborate around current and breaking news events. However, the speed, urgency, and intensity with which these collaborations unfold also impose a substantial burden on editors' abilities to effectively coordinate tasks and process information. We analyze the patterns of activity on Wikipedia following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami to understand the dynamics of editor attention and participation, novel practices employed to collaborate on these articles, and the resulting coauthorship structures which emerge between editors and articles. Our findings have implications for supporting future coverage of breaking news articles, theorizing about motivations to participate in online community, and illuminating Wikipedia's potential role in storing cultural memories of catastrophe.
- Antin, J. and Cheshire, C. Readers are not free-riders: reading as a form of participation on Wikipedia. In Proc. CSCW'10 (Savannah, GA, USA, 2010). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Berkowitz, D. Non-routine news and newswork: Exploring a what-a-story. Journal of Communication, 42, 1 1992, 82--94.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Borgatti, S. and Everett, M. Network analysis of 2-mode data. Social Networks, 19, 3 1997, 243--269.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Brown, S. and Eisenhardt, K. The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 1 1997, 1--34.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bryant, S. L., Forte, A. and Bruckman, A. Becoming Wikipedian: transformation of participation in a collaborative online encyclopedia. In Proc. GROUP'05 (Sanibel Island, FL, USA 2005). ACM, Google ScholarDigital Library
- Cohen, N. The Latest on Virginia Tech, From Wikipedia. The New York Times. April 23, 2007.Google Scholar
- Cohn, M., Mehl, M. and Pennebaker, J. Linguistic markers of psychological change surrounding September 11, 2001. Psychological Science, 15, 10 2004, 687--693.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Contractor, N., Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. Testing Multitheoretical, Multilevel Hypotheses about Organizational Networks. Academy of Management Review, 31, 3 2006, 681--703.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cosley, D., Frankowski, D., Kiesler, S., Terveen, L. and Riedl, J. How oversight improves member-maintained communities. In Proc. CHI'05 (Portland, Oregon, USA, 2005) ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Deuze, M. What is journalism?: Professional identity and ideology of journalists Reconsidered. Journalism, 6, 4 2005, 442.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Deuze, M., Bruns, A. and Neuberger, C. Preparing for an age of participatory news. Journalism Practice, 1, 3 2007, 322--338.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eisenberg, E. Jamming: Transcendence through organizing. Communication Research, 17, 2 1990, 139.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Faraj, S. and Xiao, Y. Coordination in fast-response organizations. Management Science, 52, 8 2006, 1155. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gaio, L., Besten, M. d., Rossi, A. and Dalle, J.-M. Wikibugs: using template messages in open content collections. In Proc. WikiSym'05 (Orlando, Florida, USA, 2009). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Glaser, M., Globe, B., Great, O., Post-Standard, S. and Foundation, W. Collaborative Conundrum: Do Wikis Have a Place in the Newsroom? Onlineartikel in Online Journalism Review OJR, September 2004.Google Scholar
- Kittur, A., Chi, E., Pendleton, B. A., Suh, B. and Mytkowicz, T. Power of the Few vs. Wisdom of the Crowd: Wikipedia and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie. In Proc. CHI'07 (San Jose, CA, USA 2007). ACM.Google Scholar
- Kittur, A., Lee, B. and Kraut, R. Coordination in collective intelligence: the role of team structure and task interdependence. In Proc. CHI'09 (Boston, MA, USA 2009). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kriplean, T., Beschastnikh, I. and McDonald, D. W. Articulations of WikiWork: Uncovering Valued Work in Wikipedia through Barnstars. In Proc. CSCW'08 (San Diego, CA, USA 2008). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Loubser, M. A. X. and Den Besten, M. Wikipedia Admins and Templates: The Organizational Capabilities of a Peer Production Effort. SSRN, 2008.Google Scholar
- Majchrzak, A., Jarvenpaa, S. and Hollingshead, A. Coordinating expertise among emergent groups responding to disasters. Organization Science, 18, 1 2007, 147. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Matheson, D. Weblogs and the Epistemology of the News: Some Trends in Online Journalism. New Media & Society, 6, 4 August 1, 2004, 443--468.Google Scholar
- McNely, B. Backchannel persistence and collaborative meaning-making. In Proc. SIGDOC'09 (Bloomington, IN, USA, 2009). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Messner, M. and South, J. Legitimizing Wikipedia: How US national newspapers frame and use the online encyclopedia in their coverage. Journalism Practice, 5, 2 2011, 145--160.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mituzas, D. Wikipedia article traffic statistics., 2011. http://stats.grok.seGoogle Scholar
- Newman, M. The structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Review, 45, 2 2003, 167--256.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Newman, M. E. J. Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks. Physical Review E, 64, 2 2001, 025102.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Palen, L. and Liu, S. Citizen communications in crisis: anticipating a future of ICT-supported public participation. In Proc. CHI'07 (San Jose, CA, USA, 2007). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Palen, L. and Vieweg, S. The emergence of online widescale interaction in unexpected events: assistance, alliance & retreat. In Proc. CSCW'08 (San Diego, CA, USA, 2008). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Panciera, K., Halfaker, A. and Terveen, L. Wikipedians are born, not made: a study of power editors on Wikipedia. In Proc. GROUP'05 (Sanibel Island, FL, USA, 2009). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pentzold, C. Fixing the floating gap: The online encyclopaedia Wikipedia as a global memory place. Memory Studies, 2, 2 2009, 255.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Priedhorsky, R., Chen, J., Lam, S. K., Panciera, K., Terveen, L. and Riedl, J. Creating, destroying, and restoring value in Wikipedia. In Proc. GROUP'07 (Sanibel Island, FL, USA, 2007). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Qu, Y., Huang, C., Zhang, P. and Zhang, J. Microblogging after a major disaster in China: a case study of the 2010 Yushu earthquake. In Proc. CSCW'11 (Hangzhou, China, 2011). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Quarantelli, E. and Dynes, R. Response to social crisis and disaster. Annual Review of Sociology, 31977, 23--49.Google Scholar
- Shklovski, I., Palen, L. and Sutton, J. Finding community through information and communication technology in disaster response. In Proc. CSCW'08 (San Diego, CA, USA 2008). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Solnit, R. A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster. Viking Penguin, New York, 2009.Google Scholar
- Suh, B., Convertino, G., Chi, E. H. and Pirolli, P. The singularity is not near: slowing growth of Wikipedia. In Proc. WikiSym'09 (Orlando, FL, USA 2009). ACM. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wattenberg, M., Viégas, F. and Hollenbach, K. Visualizing activity on wikipedia with chromograms. INTERACT 2007, 2007, 272--287. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Weick, K. and Roberts, K. Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 1993, 357--381.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wikipedia 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Wikimedia Foundation, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tohoku_earthquake_and_tsunamiGoogle Scholar
- Wikipedia Wikipedia Statistics: English - Zeitgeist. Wikimedia Foundation, 2011. http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaEN.htm#zeitgeistGoogle Scholar
- Wikipedia Wikipedia:IRC. Wikimedia Foundation, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IRCGoogle Scholar
- Wood, C. Wikirage: What's hot now on Wikipedia. 2011. http://www.wikirage.com/Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Hot off the wiki: dynamics, practices, and structures in Wikipedia's coverage of the Tōhoku catastrophes
Recommendations
Do editors or articles drive collaboration?: multilevel statistical network analysis of wikipedia coauthorship
CSCW '12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative WorkPrior scholarship on Wikipedia's collaboration processes has examined the properties of either editors or articles, but not the interactions between both. We analyze the coauthorship network of Wikipedia articles about breaking news demanding intense ...
Breaking news on wikipedia: dynamics, structures, and roles in high-tempo collaboration
CSCW '12: Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work CompanionThe goal of my research is to evaluate how distributed virtual teams are able to use socio-technical systems like Wikipedia to self-organize and respond to complex tasks. I examine the roles Wikipedians adopt to synthesize content about breaking news ...
A history of newswork on Wikipedia
WikiSym '13: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Open CollaborationWikipedia's coverage of current events blurs the boundaries of what it means to be an encyclopedia. Drawing on Gieyrn's concept of "boundary work", this paper explores how Wikipedia's response to the 9/11 attacks expanded the role of the encyclopedia to ...
Comments