skip to main content
column

PCPs with small soundness error

Published:01 September 2008Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

The soundness error of a PCP verifier is the probability (usually denoted ε) that the verifier accepts an incorrect input. We are interested in the smallest possible values of ε for which the PCP theorem holds, and in particular whether the theorem holds when ε is an inverse polynomial function of the input length. We discuss the 'sliding scale conjecture' of [BGLR93, LY94] and related questions. We then sketch some of the existing approaches and constructions of PCPs with sub-constant soundness error.

References

  1. S. Arora, C. Lund, R. Motwani, M. Sudan, and M. Szegedy. Proof verification and intractability of approximation problems. Journal of the ACM, 45(3):501--555, 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. S. Arora and M. Sudan. Improved low degree testing and its applications. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pages 485--495, El Paso, Texas, 4--6 May 1997. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  3. S. Arora and S. Safra. Probabilistic checking of proofs: A new characterization of NP. Journal of the ACM, 45(1):70--122, 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  4. E. Ben-Sasson, O. Goldreich, P. Harsha, M. Sudan, and S. Vadhan. Robust PCPs of proximity, shorter PCPs and applications to coding. SICOMP Special Issue on Ran- domness and Computation, 36(4):889--974, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. M. Bellare, S. Goldwasser, C. Lund, and A. Russell. Efficient multi-prover interactive proofs with applications to approximation problems. In Proc. 25th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, pages 113--131, 1993.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. M. Bellare, O. Goldreich, and M. Sudan. Free bits, PCPs, and nonapproximability - towards tight results. SIAM Journal on Computing, 27(3):804--915, June 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  7. A. Bogdanov. Gap amplification fails below 1/2. Comment on ECCC TR05-046, can be found at http://eccc.uni-trier.de/eccc-reports/2005/TR05-046/commt01.pdf, 2005.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. I. Dinur, E. Fischer, G. Kindler, R. Raz, and S. Safra. PCP characterizations of NP: Towards a polynomially-small error-probability. In Proc. 31st ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. I. Dinur. The PCP theorem by gap amplification. Journal of the ACM, 54(3), 2007. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. I. Dinur and O. Reingold. Assignment testers: Towards a combinatorial proof of the PCP theorem. SICOMP Special Issue on Randomness and Computation, 36(4):975--1024, 2006. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. U. Feige, S. Goldwasser, L. Lovász, S. Safra, and M. Szegedy. Approximating clique is almost NP-complete. Journal of the ACM, 43(2):268--292, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. U. Feige and J. Kilian. Impossibility results for recycling random bits in two-prover proof systems. In Proc. 27th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, pages 457--468, 1995. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. J. Håstad. Some optimal inapproximability results. Journal of the ACM, 48:798--859, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. C. Lund and M. Yannakakis. On the hardness of approximating minimization problems. Journal of the ACM, 41(5):960--981, 1994. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  15. D. Moshkovitz and R. Raz. Two query PCP with sub-constant error. In Proc. 49th IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, 2008. To appear. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. R. Raz. A parallel repetition theorem. SIAM Journal on Computing, 27(3):763--803, June 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. R. Raz and S. Safra. A sub-constant error-probability low-degree test, and a sub-constant error-probability PCP characterization of NP. In Proc. 29th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, pages 475--484, 1997. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. G. Tardos. Multi-prover encoding schemes and three-prover proof systems. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 53(2):251--260, 1996. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. PCPs with small soundness error

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Login options

        Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

        Sign in

        Full Access

        • Published in

          cover image ACM SIGACT News
          ACM SIGACT News  Volume 39, Issue 3
          September 2008
          113 pages
          ISSN:0163-5700
          DOI:10.1145/1412700
          Issue’s Table of Contents

          Copyright © 2008 Author

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          • Published: 1 September 2008

          Check for updates

          Qualifiers

          • column

        PDF Format

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader