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Essential Oil Compositions and Site Characteristics of Sideritis pisidica in Natural Habitat

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Abstract

In the present work, natural populations of Sideritis pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. from 19 different localities in Turkey have been comprehensively investigated with taking into consideration the environmental factors and phytochemical composition and yield of the essential oils. The essential oils were obtained by the hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of plant samples. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were analyzed with GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. The main chemical compositions were evaluated with the Principal Component Analysis. The relationship between the oil yields, main chemical constituents, and site factors were determined by correlation analysis. A total of 188 compounds and 6 main constituents were detected in the essential oils of S. pisidica. In general, the oils were mostly constituted by monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpene, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and diterpenes. β-Caryophyllene (0–40.3%), α-pinene (0–27.8%), sabinene (0–17.6%), α-bisabolol (0–20.9%), myrcene (0–13.8%), β-pinene (0–14.1%), caryophyllene oxide (0.2–13.3%) and 2-keto-manoyloxide (0–25.8%) were found in high amounts. There was a positive relationship between the amount of Mn in the soil and sabinene, β-pinene and linalool and caryophyllene II, but there was a negative relationship with caryophyllene oxide. As the elevation and Ca amount increased, the ratio of 2-keto-manoyloxide and diterpene-IV from the diterpenes increased, too, but the myrcene decreases. In conclusion, data about essential oil compositions and site factors in studied S. pisidica samples could provide useful informations for conservation, cultivation and for clone selection in breeding studies. In addition, the chemical distribution of the essential oil compounds could be useful in means of chemotaxonomy.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was supported by the research project “Relationships Between Essential Oil Content and Growth Environment Properties of Three Aromatic Plants Collected as Oregano and Mountain Tea (Sideritis condensata Boiss. & Heldr., S. pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. ve Origanum minutiflorum O. Schwarz & P.H.Davis (ESK-21(6316)” from the Research Institute for Forest Soil and Ecology (Turkey). Authors express their thanks to Prof. Dr. Hayri Duman (Gazi Üniversity, Turkey) for helping in plant botanical identification. We thanks to staff of ANK (Ankara University, Herbarium of the Department of Biology), GAZI (Gazi University Herbarium) and ISTE (Istanbul University, Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy) herbaria for help with Sideritis pisidica herbaria data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute for Forest, Soils and Ecology, 26160, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Münevver Arslan

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Gülmira Özek & Temel Özek

  3. Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research and Application Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, Eskisehir, 26470, Turkey

    Temel Özek

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  1. Münevver Arslan
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  2. Gülmira Özek
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Correspondence to Münevver Arslan or Gülmira Özek.

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APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 1

1.1 GC-MS

The volatiles were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. The GC-MS analysis was carried out with an Agilent 5975 GC-MSD system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). HP-Innowax FSC column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness, Agilent, Walt & Jennings Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA) was used with a helium carrier gas at 0.8 mL/min. GC oven temperature was kept at 60°C for 10 min and programmed to 220°C at a rate of 4°C/min, kept constant for 10 min at 220°C, and then programmed to increase at a rate of 1°C/min to 240°C. The oil was analyzed with a split ratio of 40 : 1. The injector temperature was 250°C. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV and the mass range was from m/z 35 to 450. Experiments were performed in triplicate.

1.1.1 GC-FID

The GC-FID analysis was carried out with capillary GC using an Agilent 6890N GC system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). Flame ionization detector (FID) temperature was set at 300ºC in order to obtain the same elution order with GC-MS. Simultaneous injection was performed using the same column and appropriate operational conditions. Experiments were performed in triplicate.

Appendix 2. Physical and chemical analysis results and descriptive statistics of soils
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Appendix 3.   The chemical component profiles (%) of Sideritis pisidica populations from different localities
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Münevver Arslan, Özek, G. & Özek, T. Essential Oil Compositions and Site Characteristics of Sideritis pisidica in Natural Habitat. Contemp. Probl. Ecol. 14, 675–689 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995425521060020

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