Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pectinase production by a Brazilian thermophilic fungus Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 in solid-state and submerged fermentation

  • Experimental Articles
  • Published:
Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Thermophilic organisms produce thermostable enzymes, which have a number of applications, justifying the interest in the isolation of new thermophilic strains and study of their enzymes. Thirty-four thermophilic and thermotolerant fungal strains were isolated from soil, organic compost, and an industrial waste pile based on their ability to grow at 45°C and in a liquid medium containing pectin as the only carbon source. Among these fungi, 50% were identified at the genus level as Thermomyces, Aspergillus, Monascus, Chaetomium, Neosartoria, Scopulariopsis, and Thermomucor. All isolated strains produced pectinase during solid-state fermentation (SSF). The highest polygalacturonase (PG) activity was obtained in the culture medium of thermophilic strain N31 identified as Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae. Under SSF conditions on media containing a mixture of wheat bran and orange bagasse (1 : 1) at 70% of initial moisture, this fungus produced the maximum of 120 U/ml of exo-PG, while in submerged fermentation (SmF) it produced 13.6 U/ml. The crude PG from SmF was more thermostable than that from SSF and exhibited higher stability in acidic pH.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pedrolli, D.B., Monteiro, A.C., Gomes, E., and Carmona, E.C., Pectin and Pectinases: Production, Characterization and Industrial Application of Microbial Pectinolytic Enzymes, Open Biotechnol. J., 2009, vol. 3, pp. 9–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Sathish-Kumar, S. and Palanivelu, P., Purification and Characterization of an Extracellular Polygalacturonase from the Thermophilic Fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus, World J. Microb. Biot., 1999, vol. 15, pp. 643–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kaur, G., Kumar, S., and Satyarayana, T., Production, Characterization and Application of a Thermostable Polygalacturonase of a Thermophilic Mould Sporotrichum thermophile Apinis., Biores. Technol., 2004, vol. 94, pp. 239–243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Martins, E.S., Silva, D., Leite, R.S.R., Da Silva, R., and Gomes, E., Purification and Characterization of Polygalacturonase Produced by Thermophilic Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 in Submerged Fermentation, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Int. J. G., 2007, vol. 91, pp. 291–299.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Anisha Rojan, G.S., John, P., and Prema, P., Biochemical and Hydrolytic Properties of Multiple Thermostable α-Galactosidases from Streptomyces griseoloalbus: Obvious Existence of a Novel Galactose-Tolerant, Process Biochem., 2009, vol. 44, pp. 327–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Maheshwari, R., Bharadwaj, G., and Bath, M.K., Thermophilic Fungi: Their Physiology and Enzymes, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2000, vol. 64, pp. 461–488.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Santos, M.M., Rosa, A.S., and Dal’Bort, S., Thermal Denaturation: Is Solid-State Fermentation Really a Good Technology for the Production of Enzymes, Bioresource Technol., 2004, vol. 93, pp. 261–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Taragano, V.M. and Pilosof, A.M.R., Application of Doehlert Designs for Water Activity, pH, and Fermentation Time Optimization for Aspergillus niger Pectinolytic Activities Production in Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 1999, vol. 25, pp. 411–419.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ramesh, M.V. and Lonsane, B.K., Critical Importance of Moisture Content of the Medium in Alpha-Amylase Production by Bacillus licheniformis M27 in a SolidState Fermentation System, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1991, vol. 35, pp. 591–593.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramesh, M.V. and Lonsane, B.K., Ability of a Solid State Fermentation Technique to Significantly Minimize Catabolic Repression of α-Amilase Production by Bacillus licheniformis M27, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1991, vol. 35, pp. 591–593.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Diaz-Godinez, G., Soriano-Santos, J., Augur, C., and Viniegra-Gonzalez, G., Exopectinases Produced by Aspergillus niger in Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation: A Comparative Study, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2001, vol. 26, p. 271.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Elisashvili, V., Penninckx, M., Kachlishvili, E., Tsiklauri, N., Metreveli, E., Kharziani, T., and Kvesitadze, G., Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus Species Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Activity in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Wastes of Different Composition, Bioresource Technol., 2008, vol. 99, pp. 457–462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Martins, E.S., Silva, D., Da Silva, R., and Gomes, E., Solid State Production of Thermostable Pectinases by Thermophilic Thermoascus aurantiacus, Process Biochem., 2002, vol. 37, pp. 949–954.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Daird, J.C., and Stalpers, J.A., Ainsworth Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi, Wallingford: CAB International, 9th ed., 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Da Silva, M., Passarini, M.R.Z., Bonugli, R.C., and Sette, L.D., Cnidarian-Derived Filamentous Fungi from Brazil: Isolation, Characterization and RBBR Decolorization Screening, Environ. Technol., 2008, vol. 29, pp. 1331–1339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sette, L.D., Passarini, M.R.Z., Delarmelina, C., Salati, F., and Duarte, M.C.T., Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Coffee Plants, World J. Microb. Biot., 2006, vol. 22, pp. 1185–1195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Miller, G.L., Use of Dinitrosalicylic Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar, Anal. Chem., 1959, vol. 31, pp. 426–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mouchacca, J.M., Thermophilic Fungi: Biodiversity and Taxonomic Status, Cryptogamie Mycol., 1997, vol. 18, pp. 19–69

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hoffmann, K., Discher, S., and Voigt, K., Revision of the Genus Absidia (Mucorales, Zygomycetes) Based on Physiological, Phylogenetic, and Morphological Characters; Thermotolerant Absidia spp. Form a Coherent Group, Mycocladiaceae fam. nov., Mycol Res., 2007, vol. 111, pp. 1169–1183.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Martin, N., Souza, S.R., Da Silva, R., and Gomes, E., Pectinase Production by Fungal Strains in Solid-State Fermentation Using Agro-Industrial Bioproduct, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 2004, vol. 47, pp. 813–819.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Silva, D., Martins, E.S., Da Silva, R., and Gomes, E., Pectinase Production by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 by Solid State Fermentation Using Agricultural Wastes and Agro-Industrial By-Products, Braz. J. Microbiol., 2002, vol. 33, pp. 318–324.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Aguilar, C.N., Contreras-Esquivel, J.C., Rodriguez, R., Prado, L.A., and Loera, O., Differences in Fungal Enzyme Productivity in Submerged and Solid State Cultures, Food Sci. Biotechnol., 2004, vol. 13, pp. 109–113.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Silva, D., Martins, E.S., Leite, R.S.R., Da Silva, R., Ferreira, V., and Gomes, E., Purification and Characterization of an Exo-Polygalacturonase Produced by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 in Solid-State Fermentation, Process Biochem., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 1237–1243.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Morita, H. and Fujio, Y., Polygalacturonase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 18 Using a Metal-Ion-Regulated Liquid Medium, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 1999, vol. 45, pp. 199–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Biesebeke, R., Ruijter, G., Rahardjo, Y.S.P., Hoogschagen, M.J., Heerikhuisen, M., Levin, A., Van Driel, K.G.A., Schutyser, M.A.I., Dijksterhuis, J., Zhu, Y., Weber, F.J., De Vos, W.M., Van Den Hondel, K.A.M.J.J., Rinzema, A., and Punt, P.J., Aspergillus oryzae in Solid-State and Submerged Fermentations. Progress Report on a Multi-Disciplinary Project, FEMS Yeast Res., 2002, vol. 2, pp. 245–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Viniegra-González, G., Favela-Torres, E., Aguilar, C.N., Ròmero-Gomez, S.J., Díaz-Godínez, G., and Augur, C., Advantages of Fungal Enzyme Production in Solid State over Liquid Fermentation Systems, Biochem. Eng. J., 2003, vol. 13, pp. 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Galiotou-Panayotou, M., Rodis, P., and Kapantai, M., Enhanced Polygalacturonase Production by Aspergillus niger NRRL-364, Grown on Supplemented Citrus Pectin, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 1993, vol. 17, pp. 145–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Tari, C., Gögus, N., and Tokatli, F., Optimization of Biomass, Pellet Size and Polygalacturonase Production by Aspergillus sojae ATCC 20235 Using Response Surface Methodology, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2007, vol. 40, pp. 1108–1116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Patil, S.R. and Dayanand, A., Optimization of Process for the Production of Fungal Pectinases from Deseeded Sunflower Head in Submerged and Solid-State Conditions, Bioresource Technol., 2006, vol. 97, pp. 2340–2344.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Acunã-Argüelles, M.E., Gutiérrez-Rojas, M., Viniegra-González, G., and Favela-Torres, E., Production and Properties of Three Pectinolytic Activities Produced by Aspergillus niger in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1995, vol. 43, pp. 808–814.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Diaz, J.C.M., Rodríguez, J.A., Roussos, S., Cordova, J., Abousalham, A., Carriere, F., and Baratti, J., Lipase from the Thermotolerant Fungus Rhizopus homothallicus is More Thermostable When Produced Using Solid State Fermentation Than Liquid Fermentation Procedures, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2006, vol. 39, pp. 1042–1050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Alazard, D. and Raimbault, M., Comparative Study of Amylolytic Enzyme Production by Aspergillus niger in Liquid and Solid-State Fermentation, Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1981, vol. 12, pp. 113–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada-IBILCE, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil

    N. Martin, M. A. U. Guez, R. Da Silva & E. Gomes

  2. Divisão de Recursos Microbianos/CPQBA, UNICAMP—University of Campinas, Paulínia/SP, Brazil

    L. D. Sette

Authors
  1. N. Martin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. A. U. Guez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. D. Sette
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. R. Da Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. Gomes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Gomes.

Additional information

The article is published in the original.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Martin, N., Guez, M.A.U., Sette, L.D. et al. Pectinase production by a Brazilian thermophilic fungus Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 in solid-state and submerged fermentation. Microbiology 79, 306–313 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261710030057

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261710030057

Key words

Search

Navigation