Abstract—The geochemical study of carbonate rocks of Early-Precambrian and Phanerozoic metamorphic complexes was carried out and their differences were revealed. The Precambrian marbles and calciphyres were studied in the Оnot Greenstone Belt, Kitoy and Sharyzhalgay granulite complexes of the Prisayan inlier and the Yenisei Group of the Angara–Kan inlier of the Siberian craton, the Belomorian and Lapland Complexes, the North Pechenga Structure, the Sortavala Formation of the Fennoscandian Shield, and the Wakhan Complex of the Badakhshan massif. Phanerozoic marbles and calciphyres were analyzed in the Olkhon, Slyudyanka, and Svyatoi Nos complexes of the Baikal region, Bokson Group and Irkut Formation of the East Sayan, Derbin Complex and Alkhadyr Formation of the Sayan region, Yudin Formation and Panimba–Rybinsk Zone of the Yenisei Ridge, Muzkol Complex of the East Pamirs. As compared to the Phanerozoic rocks, the Precambrian carbonate rocks are enriched in Fe, Mn and depleted in Sr, Ba at a close low level of REE content. The enrichment of Archean protoliths of marbles and calciphyres in Fe and Mn is caused by the predominance of basic and ultrabasic rocks in source areas. As compared to the Phanerozoic carbonates, the Paleoproterozoic carbonate rocks demonstrated a decrease of Fe and Mn and increase of Al, K, Ba, and Sr owing to the contribution of granite-metamorphic layer in the formation of their protoliths. The distribution of major and trace elements in marbles and calciphyres is determined by their modes of occurrence: 1) admixture of Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, and REE in the isomorphic series of Ca–Mg carbonates; 2) the presence of Na, K, Ba, Sr minerals in marbles; 3) the presence of fine (in marbles) and coarse (calciphyres) fractions of minerals with Fe, Mn Al, Ti, Zr, Cr, V, Ni, S. The paleoreconstruction based on REE behavior in the carbonate rocks revealed the predominant development of intracratonic shallow sea in the Archean and Early-Paleoproterozoic. Open oceans appeared at the turn of 2–1.9 billion years, but the widespread development of carbonate rocks occurred in the Meso-Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic. The revealed features serve as the basis for age paleoreconstructions of protoliths using petrogeochemical characteristics of carbonate rocks of Precambrian and Phanerozoic metamorphic complexes.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
A. C. Allwood, M. R. Walter, B. S. Kamber, C. P. Marshall, and I. W. Burch, “Stromatolite reef from the Early Archean era of Australia,” Nature 441 (8), 714–718 (2006).
V. V. Balagansky, M. Ya. Timmerman, R. V. Kislitsyn, J. S. Daly, Yu. A. Gannibal, and O. G. Sherstenikova, “Isotope age of the rocks of the Kolvitsa Belt and Umba Block (southeastern branch of the Lapland granulite belt), Kola Peninsula, Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Tekhn. Univ. 1 (3), 19–32 (1998)
U. Brand and J. Veizer, “Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system. 1. Trace elements,” J. Sediment. Res. 50 (4), 1219–1236 (1980).
K. T. Budanova, Metamorphic Formations of Tajikistan (Donish, Dushanbe, 1991) [in Russian].
Early Precambrian of the Baltic Shield, Ed. by V. A. Glebovitsky (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 2005) [in Russian].
D. P. Gladkochub, T. V. Donskaya, V. S. Fedorovsky, A. M. Mazukabzone, A. N. Larionov, and S. A. Sergeev, “The Olkhon metamorphic terrane in the Baikal region; an Early Paleozoic collage of Neoproterozoic active margin fragments,” Russ. Geol. Geophys. 51 (5), 447–460 (2010).
I. M. Gorokhov, E. O. Dubinina, A. B. Kuznetsov, V. I. Levitskiy, G. V. Konstantinova, T. L. Turchenko, and I. V. Levitskiy, “Isotope composition of strontium, carbon, and oxygen in magnesian carbonates of the Onot Greenstone Belt,” Dokl. Earth Sci. 455 (3), 341–345 (2014).
R. M. Hazen, R. T. Downs, L. Kah, and D. Sverjensky, “Carbon mineral evolution,” Rev. Mineral. Geochem., MSA 75, 79–107 (2013).
B. S. Kamber and G. E., Webb, “The geochemistry of late Archaean microbial carbonate: implications for ocean chemistry and continental erosion history,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 (15), 2509–2525 (2001).
V. I. Kiselev and V. I. Budanov, Deposits of the Magnesian–Skarn Formation of the Southwestern Pamirs (Donish, Dushanbe, 1986) [in Russian].
A. B. Kotov, E. B. Salnikova, L. Z. Reznitsky, E. P. Vasilev, I. K. Kozakov, S. Z. Yakovleva, V. P. Kovach, and N. G. Berezhnaya, “Age of metamorphism of the Slyudyanka crystalline complex, Southern Baikal Area: U-Pb geochronology of granitoids,” Petrology 5 (4), 338–349 (1997).
A. B. Kuzmichev, Tectonic History of the Tuva–Mongolian Massif: Early Baikalian, Late Baikalian, and Early Caledonian Stages (Probel, Moscow, 2004) [in Russian].
A. B. Kuznetsov, I. M. Vasilieva, D. R. Sitkina, Z. B. Smirnova and O. K. Kaurova, “Age of carbonates and phosphorites in the sedimentary cover of the Tuva–Mongolian microcontinent,” Dokl. Earth Sci. 479 (1), 282–285 (2018).
E. F. Letnikova, “Geochemical specifics of carbonate sediments of different geodynamic settings in the northeastern segment of the Paleoasian Ocean,” Litosfera, No. 1, 70–81 (2005).
V. I. Levitskiy, Petrology and Geochemistry of Metasomatism during Formation of Continental Crust (Geo, Novosibirsk, 2006) [in Russian].
V. I. Levitskiy, L. Z. Reznitsky, E. B. Salnikova, I. V. Levitskiy, A. B. Kotov, I. G. Barash, S. Z. Yakovleva, I. V. Anisimova, and Yu. V. Plotkina, “Age and origin of the Kitoy sillimanite schist deposit, Eastern Siberia,” Dokl. Earth Sci. 431 (3), 394–3981 (2010).
Y. G. Liu, and R. A. Schmitt, “Chemical profiles in sediment and basalt samples from deep sea drilling project Leg 74. Hole 525A, Walvis Ridge,” Init. Rept. DSDP 74, 713–730 (1984).
Y. G. Liu, M. R. U. Miah, and R. A. Schmitt, “Cerium: a chemical tracer for paleo–oceanic redox conditions,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 52 (6), 1361–1371 (1988).
V. A. Melezhik, A. E. Fallick, V. V. Makarikhin, and V. V. Lyubtsov, “Links between Palaeoproterozoic palaeogeography and rise and decline of stromatolites: Fennoscandian Shield,” Precambrian Res. 82, 311–348 (1997).
A. D. Nozhkin, “Precambrian of the southwestern margin of the Siberian Craton,“ Izv. Tomsk. Politekhn Univer. 314 (1), 6–17 (2009).
A. D. Nozhkin, O. M. Turkina, I. I. Likhanov, and N. M. Dmitrieva, “Late Paleoproterozoic voclanic associations in the southwestern Siberian Craton (Angara–Kan block),” Russ. Geol. Geophys. 57 (2), 247–264.
A. P. Nutman, V. C. Bennett, C. R. L. Friend, M. J. Van Kranendonk, and A. R. Chivas, “Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700–million–year–old microbial structures,” Nature 537 (7621), 535–538 (2016).
G. V. Polyakov, N. D. Tolstykh, A. S. Mekhonoshin, A. E. Izokh, M. Yu. Podlipskii, D. A. Orsoev, and T. B. Kolotilina, “Ultramafic–mafic igneous complexes of the Precambrian East Siberian metallogenic province (southern framing of the Siberian Craton): age, composition, origin, and ore potential,” Russ. Geol. Geophys. 54 (11), 1319–1331 (2013).
E. B. Sal’nikova, A. B. Kotov, V. I. Levitskiy, L. Z. Reznitskii, A. I. Mel’nikov, I. K. Kozakov, V. P. Kovach, I. G. Barash, and S. Z. Yakovleva, “Age constraints of high-temperature metamorphic events in crystalline complexes of the Irkut Block, the Sharyzhalgay Ledge of the Siberian Platform Basement: results of the U–Pb single zircon dating,” Stratigraphy. Geol. Correlation 15 (4), 343–358 (2007).
S. I. Shkol’nik, A. M. Stanevich, L. Z. Reznitskii, and V. B. Savelieva, “New data about structure and time of formation of the Khamar-Daban Terrane: U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon ages,” Stratigraphy. Geol. Correlation 24 (1), 19–38 (2016).
V. S. Stepanov and A. I. Slabunov, “Amphibolites and carbonate rocks of the Pon’goma Bay area, White Sea,” Precambrian of the Northern Karelia: Petrology and Tectonics (KarNTs, Petrozavodsk, 1994), pp. 6–30 [in Russian].
S. R. Taylor and S. M. McLennan, The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution (Blackwell, Cambridge, 1985).
A. V. Travin, D. S. Yudin, and A. G. Vladimirova, “Thermochronology of the Early Caledonides of Central Asia,” Geodynamic Evolution of the Lithosphere of the Central Asian Mobile Belt: from Ocean to Continent (Irkutsk, 2008), Vol. 2, pp. 125–127 [in Russian].
O. M. Turkina “Formation stages of the Early Precambrian crust in the Sharyzhalgay Basement Uplift, Southwestern Siberian Craton: synthesis of Sm–Nd and U–Pb data,” Petrology 18 (2), 158–176 (2010).
E. P. Vasil’ev, L. Z. Reznitsky, V. N. Vishnyakov, and E. A. Nekrasova, Slyudyanka Crystalline Complex (Nauka, Novosobirsk, 1981) [in Russian].
L. A. Vinogradov, M. N. Bogdanova, and M. M. Efimov, Granulite Complex of the Kola Peninsula (Nauka, Leningrad, 1980) [in Russian].
J. L. Wilson, Carbonate Facies in Geologic History (Springer–Verlag, New York, 1975).
K. J. Zhang, Q. H. Li, L. L. Yan, L. Zeng, L. Lu, Y. X. Zhang, J. Hui, X. Jin, and X. C. Tang, “Geochemistry of limestones deposited in various plate tectonic settings,” Earth–Sci. Rev. 167, 27–46 (2017).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The studies were carried out in the framework of State Task (project IX.129.1.3, no. 0350-2016-0029) using equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Isotope-Geochemical Studies” of the Institute of Geochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by M. Bogina
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Levitskiy, V.I., Reznitsky, L.Z. & Levitskiy, I.V. Geochemistry of Carbonate Rocks in the Early Precambrian and Phanerozoic Metamorphic Complexes of East Siberia, North-West Russia, and Pamirs. Geochem. Int. 57, 438–455 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702919040074
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016702919040074