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Role of restriction-modification systems in prokaryotic evolution and ecology

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Abstract

Restriction–modification (R-M) systems are able to methylate or cleave DNA depending on methylation status of their recognition site. It allows them to protect bacterial cells from invasion by foreign DNA. Comparative analysis of a large number of available bacterial genomes and methylomes clearly demonstrates that the role of R-M systems in bacteria is wider than only defense. R-M systems maintain heterogeneity of a bacterial population and are involved in adaptation of bacteria to change in their environmental conditions. R-M systems can be essential for host colonization by pathogenic bacteria. Phase variation and intragenomic recombinations are sources of the fast evolution of the specificity of R-M systems. This review focuses on the influence of R-M systems on evolution and ecology of prokaryotes.

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Abbreviations

bp:

base pairs

MTase:

DNA-methyltransferase

REase:

restriction endonuclease

R-M system:

restriction–modification system

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Belozerksy Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    A. S. Ershova, I. S. Rusinov, S. A. Spirin, A. S. Karyagina & A. V. Alexeevski

  2. Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098, Moscow, Russia

    A. S. Ershova & A. S. Karyagina

  3. Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, 127550, Moscow, Russia

    A. S. Ershova & A. S. Karyagina

  4. Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    I. S. Rusinov, S. A. Spirin & A. V. Alexeevski

  5. Institute of System Studies, 117281, Moscow, Russia

    S. A. Spirin & A. V. Alexeevski

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Ershova, A.S., Rusinov, I.S., Spirin, S.A. et al. Role of restriction-modification systems in prokaryotic evolution and ecology. Biochemistry Moscow 80, 1373–1386 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297915100193

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297915100193

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