Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relative measurements of photofission cross sections with the use of a bremsstrahlung spectrum

  • Published:
Physics of Particles and Nuclei Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This survey is devoted to the investigation of fission probability by measuring photofission yields using a bremsstrahlung spectrum of the microtron with the relative measurement method in the region of energies from the threshold to the upper boundary of the fissility plateau (E < 11 MeV). The results were obtained using a unique technique for nineteen nuclei from 232Th to 249Cf. For some nuclei in the threshold energy region, detailed measurements were performed which provided the possibility of observation of new resonances in the photofission cross section. The observed resonance effects are discussed. For 234U and 238, 240, 242Pu, theoretical analysis was performed to obtain the fission barrier parameters for fission channels with particular quantum states. Data of other measurements of photofission cross sections are given, along with the results obtained in the surveyed series of measurements. The data obtained using the relative measurement method is compared with data for other reactions that result in fission of the nuclei under study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. E. Zhuchko et al., “Investigation of the Probability of Near-Threshold Fission of Th, U, Np, Pu, Am Isotopes by Bremsstrahlung γ-Rays,” Yad. Fiz. 28, 1170 (1978) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28, 602 (1978)].

    Google Scholar 

  2. Yu. B. Ostapenko et al., “Photofission at Subbarrier Nuclear Excitations,” Fiz. Elem. Chastits At. Yadra 12, 1364 (1981) [Phys. Part. Nucl. 12, 545 (1981)].

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Relative Measurements of Photofission Cross Sections and Yields,” Atomn. Energiya 68(4), 257 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yu. B. Ostapenko et al., “Yields and Photofission Cross Sections of Th, U, Np, Pu, and Am Isotopes in the Energy Range 4.5–7 MeV,” VANT, Ser. Yad. Konstanty 3(30), 3 (TsNIIatominform, Moscow, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  5. K. N. Ivanov and K. A. Petrzhak, “Relative Photofissions 232Th, 233U, 237Np, and 239Pu,” Atom. Energiya 36, 404 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. I. S. Koretskaya et al., “Photofission Cross Section of 241Am and 243Am Nuclei in the Range of E1 Giant Resonance,” Yad. Fiz. 30, 910 (1979) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 30, 472 (1979)].

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. M. Aleksandrov et al., “About Neutron and Fission Widths of 235U, 238U, 237Np, 239Pu, 241Am, and 243Am Nuclei,” Yad. Fiz. 43, 290 (1986) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 43, 185 (1986)].

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. S. Soldatov and G. N. Smirenkin, “Yields and Cross Sections for Fission of Odd Nuclei by γ-Rays with Energies up to 11 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 55, 3153 (1992) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 55, 1757 (1992)].

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Z. Tarasko, “Minimum Directed Divergence Method in Distribution-Search Problems,” Preprint FEI 1446 (Obninsk, 1983).

  10. V. E. Zhuchko and Yu. M. Tsipenyuk, “Calculation of Bremsstrahlung Spectra at Various Angles in the 1–30 MeV Range,” Atomn. Energiya 39, 66 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Z. Tarasko, A. S. Soldatov, and V. Rudnikov, “Description of Bremsstrahlung Spectra from a Thick Target for 4–12 MeV Electrons,” Atomn. Energiya 65, 290 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. T. Caldwell et al., “Giant Resonance for the Actinide Nuclei: Photoneutron and Photofission Cross Sections for 235U, 236U, 238U, and 232Th,” Phys. Rev. C 21(4), 1215 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. A. Dickey and P. Axel, “U-238 and Th-232 Photofission and Photoneutron Emission Near Threshold,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 35, 501 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. W. Knowles and O. Y. Mafra, “Intermediate Structure in the Photoneutron, Photofission and Photoabsorbtion Cross Sections of 238U at the Fission Threshold,” in Proc. of Intern. Conf. on Photonuclear Reactions and Application, Asilomar, California, USA (Low. Livermore Lab., Univ. Calif., SD7-1, 1973).

  15. N. P. Hawkes, “U-238 Photonuclear Studies with 5–10 MeV Photons,” AERE. R-12675, UKAEA (Harwell, 1986).

  16. L. Katz et al., “Photofission in Heavy Elements,” in Proc. of 2nd Intern. Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (UN, Geneva, 1958), Vol. 15, p. 188.

    Google Scholar 

  17. L. J. Lindgren, A. Alm, and A. Sandell, “Photoinduced Fission of Doubly Even Uranium Isotopes U-234, U-236, and U-238,” Nucl. Phys. A 298, 43 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Veyssiere et al., “A Study of the Photofission and Photoneutron Processes in the Giant Dipole Resonance of Th-232, U-238, and Np-237,” Nucl. Phys. A 199, 45 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. H. Ries et al., “Absolute Photofission Cross Sections for U-235 and U-238 in the Energy Range 11.5–30 MeV,” Phys. Rev. C 29, 2346 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. V. V. Varlamov et al., Photonuclear Data. Fission of Heavy Nuclei. Inform. Review (Mosk. Gos. Univ., Moscow, 1983) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  21. S. Bjornholm and V. M. Strutinsky, “Intermediate States in Fission,” Nucl. Phys. A 136, 1 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Bjornholm and J. E. Lynn, “The Double-Humped Fission Barrier,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 725 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Lepretre et al., “Absolute Photofission Cross Section for Th-232, U-235, U-238 Measurements with Monochromatic Tagged Photons (E = 20–110 MeV),” Nucl. Phys. A 472, 533 (1987).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. V. E. Zhuchko et al., “Restoration of Photofission Cross Sections from Bremsstrahlung Experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 136, 373 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. S. Soldatov and G. N. Smirenkin, “Yield and Fission Cross Section of 232Th and 236U by γ-Rays with the Energy up to 11 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 58, 224 (1995) [Phys. At. Nucl. 58, 182 (1995)].

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. L. Berman, J. T. Caldwell, E. J. Dowdy, et al., “Photofission and Photoneutron Cross Section and Photofission Neutron Multiplicities for 233U, 234U, 237Np, and 239Pu,” Phys. Rev. C 34, 2201–2214 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. S. Soldatov, “Photofission of Americium Isotopes in the Energy Range 6–12 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 64, 211 (2001) [Phys. At. Nucl. 64, 169 (2001)].

    Google Scholar 

  28. G. N. Smirenkin and A. S. Soldatov, “Cross Section for 232Th in the Threshold Region,” Yad. Fiz. 59, 203 (1996) [Phys. At. Nucl. 59, 185 (1996)].

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. V. Yester, R. A. Anderl, and R. C. Morrison, “Photofission Cross Section of 232Th and 236U from Threshold to 8 MeV,” Nucl. Phys. A 206, 593 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Detailed Measurements of Photofission Cross Section of 237Np Near Threshold,” Yad. Fiz. 56(10), 16 (1993) [Phys. At. Nucl. 56, 1307 (1993)].

    Google Scholar 

  31. K. K. Istekov et al., “On Application of Conventional Systematics,” Yad. Fiz. 29, 1156 (1979) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 29, 595 (1979)].

    Google Scholar 

  32. V. M. Kupriyanov, G. N. Smirenkin, and B. I. Fursov, “Systematics of the Neutron Cross Sections and other Characteristics of the Fission Probability of Transuranic Nuclei,” Yad. Fiz. 39, 281 (1984) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 39, 176 (1984)].

    Google Scholar 

  33. I. Halpern, Nuclear Fission (GIFML, Moscow, 1962) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. R. Huizenga and R. Vandenbosch, Nuclear Reactions (Atomizdat, Moscow, 1964), Vol. 2 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  35. A. A. Goverdovskii et al., “Nuclear Fissility at Small Values of Angular Momentum,” Yad. Fiz. 46, 1368 (1987) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 46, 806 (1987)].

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. N. Smirenkin and B. I. Fursov, “Energy Dependence of the Fission Probability of Transuranic Nuclei for Fast Neutrons,” Yad. Fiz. 45, 319 (1987) [Sov. J. Nucl. 45, 200 (1987)].

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. D. Cramer and H. C. Britt, “Neutron Fission Cross Section for 231Th, 233Th, 235U, 237U, 239U, 241Pu, 243Pu from 0.5 to 2.25 MeV Using (t, pf) Reaction,” Nucl. Sci. Eng. 41, 177 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  38. H. C. Britt and J. B. Wilhelmy, “Simulated (n,f) Cross Sections for Exotic Actinide Nuclei,” Nucl. Sci. Eng. 72, 222–229 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. X. Zhang, T. R. Yeh, and H. Lancman, “Photofission Cross Section of 232Th,” Phys. Rev. C 34, 1397 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. A. V. Ignatyuk et al., “Consistent t Analysis of Cross Sections of (n, f) and (n, xf) Reactions for Actinides,” Yad. Fiz. 47, 355 (1988) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 47, 224 (1988)]; “Description of Fission Cross Section of Transuranic Nuclei by Fast Neutrons,” Yad. Fiz. 51, 1227 (1990) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 51, 781 (1990)].

    Google Scholar 

  41. O. K. Bohr, “To the Theory of Nuclear Fission,” in Proc. of Intern. Conf. on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy (Geneva, 1955; Moscow, 1955), Vol. 2, p. 175.

    Google Scholar 

  42. J. W. Knowles et al., “A High Resolution Measurement of the Photofission Spectrum of 232Th Near Threshold,” Phys. Lett. B 116, 315 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. H. X. Zhang, T. R. Yeh, and H. Lancman, “Intermediate Structure in the Photofission Cross Section of 232Th,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 34 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. B. Perez et al., “Measurement of the 232Th(n, f) Subthreshold and Near-Subthreshold Cross Section,” Phys. Rev. C 28(4), 1635 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Y. Nakagome et al., “Neutron-Induced Fission Cross Section of 232Th from 1 eV to 20 keV,” Phys. Rev. C 43(4), 1824 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. D. J. S. Findlay, N. P. Hawkes, and M. R. Sene, “Photofission of 232Th Near Threshold,” Nucl. Phys. A 458, 217 (1986).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. A. M. Khan and J. W. Knowles, “Photofission of 232Th, 238U, and 235U Near Threshold Using Variable Energy Beam of γ-Rays,” Nucl. Phys. A 179, 333 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. V. Zhuchko et al., “Experimental Investigations of the “Isomeric Shelf” Phenomenon in the Photofission Cross Sections of Heavy Nuclei,” Yad. Fiz. 28, 1185 (1978) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 28, 611 (1978)].

    Google Scholar 

  49. Yu. M. Tsipenyuk, “Investigation and Using of Electron and γ-Beams Microtron,” Candidate’s Dissertation in Physics and Mathematics (IFP, Moscow, 1968).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Experimental Investigation of Subbarrier Structure of 232Th Photofission,” in Proc. of XV Int. Symp. of Nucl. Phys. Nucl. Fission, Gaussig, 1985 (ZIK, 1986), Vol. 592, p. 82.

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. Janszen et al., “232Th Fission Barrier Characteristics from 232Th(p, p’f) Reaction,” in Dynamics of Nuclear Fission and Related Collective Phenomena (Springer, Berlin, 1981), p. 95.

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Van der Plicht et al., “The Study of the (α, α’f) Reaction at 120 MeV on 232Th and 238U. (II) Fission Barrier Properties Deduced from Fission Probabilities and Angular Distributions,” Nucl. Phys. A 369, 51 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. L. I. Lindgren et al., “Subbarrier Photofission of 234U,” Yad. Fiz. 32, 335 (1980) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 32, 173 (1980)].

    Google Scholar 

  54. V. E. Rudnikov et al., “Angular Anisotropy of Photofission of Even-Even Nuclei in the Above Barrier Energy Region,” Yad. Fiz. 48, 646 (1988) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 48, 414 (1988)].

    Google Scholar 

  55. P. P. Ganich et al., “Angular Distributions of Fragments in the Region of Photofission Threshold of 234U and 238U,” Yad. Fiz. 52, 36 (1990) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 52, 23 (1990)].

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. P. Baerg et al., “The Angular Distribution of Photofission Fragments,” Can. J. Phys. 37, 1418 (1959).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Cross Section for 234U Photofission in the Energy Range 5–9 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 61(8), 1427 (1998) [Phys. At. Nucl. 61, 1325 (1998)].

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. S. Soldatov, “Photofission Cross Section of Uranium-234 in the Energy Range 5–9 MeV and Its Comparison with the Data for Thorium-232 and Neptunium-237 in Subbarrier Region,” VANT, Ser. Yad. Konstanty 1, 859 (TsNIIatominform, Moscow, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  59. M. Just et al., in Proc. of Intern Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Julich, 1979 (IAEA, Vienna, 1980), Vol. 1, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  60. N. S. Rabotnov et al., “Photofission of 232Th, 238U, 238Pu, 240Pu, 242Pu and the Structure of Fission Barrier,” Yad. Fiz. 11, 508 (1970) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 11, 285 (1970)].

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Photofission of 238Pu, 240Pu, and 242Pu in the Energy Range 5–10 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 63, 34 (2000) [Phys. At. Nucl. 63, 31 (2000)].

    Google Scholar 

  62. A. Shapiro and W. F. Stubbins, “Photofission Cross Section of 238Pu, and 239Pu,” Nucl. Sci. Eng. 45, 47 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  63. A. S. Soldatov, Photofission Cross Section of 238Pu, 240Pu, and 242Pu, VANT, Ser. Yad. Konstanty 3–4, 3 (TsNIIatominform, Moscow, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

  64. H. Thierens et al., “Kinetic Energy and Fragment Mass Distributions for 240Pu(s.f.), 239Pu(n th, f), and 240Pu(γ,f),” Phys. Rev. C 23(5), 2104 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. H. Thierens et al., “Fragment Mass and Kinetic Energy Distributions for 242Pu(s.f.), 241Pu(n th, f), and 242Pu(γ,f),” Phys. Rev. C 29(2), 498 (1984).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. H. Thierens et al., “Kinetic Energy and Fragment Mass Distributions for the Spontaneous and Photon-Induced Fission of 244Pu,” Phys. Rev. C 27(3), 1117 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. G. N. Smirenkin and Yu. M. Tsipenyuk, “Low Energy Photofission of Heavy Nuclei,” in Proc. of Inter. Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Julich, 1979 (IAEA, Vienna, 1980), Vol. 1, p. 31.

    Google Scholar 

  68. G. R. Satchler, Direct Nuclear Reactions (Clarendon, Oxford, 1983).

    Google Scholar 

  69. I. N. Borzov and S. P. Kamerdzhiev, “E1, E2, M1 Resonances in Spherical Nuclei,” Preprint FEI-580 (Obninsk, 1975).

  70. B. B. Back et al., Fission Barriers for Doubly Even Actinide Nuclei from (t, pf), (3He, df), (p, p′f) Studies,” in Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Rochester, 1973 (IAEA, Vienna, 1974), Vol. 1, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  71. A. V. Ignatyuk et al., “The Role of Collective Effects in Systematics of the Nuclear Level Density,” Yad. Fiz. 29, 875 (1979) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 29, 450 (1979)].

    Google Scholar 

  72. T. S. Belanova et al., Radiation Capture of Neutrons. A Handbook (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  73. G. V. Antsipov, V. A. Konshin, and V. M. Maslov, “Level Density and Radiation Widths of Transactinides,” VANT, Ser. Yad. Konstanty (TsNIIatominform, Moscow, 1985), Vol. 3, p. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  74. B. B. Back et al., “Fission of Doubly Even Actinide Nuclei Induced by Direct Reactions,” Phys. Rev. C 9, 1924 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. A. N. Storozhenko et al., “Theoretical Investigation of Subbarrier Photofission of 232Th,” in Proc. of 5th Intern. Seminar on Neutron-Nucleus Interactions—ISINN-5, Neutron Spectroscopy. Nuclear Structure and Related Topics (Dubna, 1997), p. 155.

  76. P. Moller and J. R. Nix, “Calculation of Fission Barriers,” in Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Rochester, 1973 (IAEA, Vienna, 1974), Vol. 1, p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  77. B. B. Back et al., “Experimental Fission Barriers for Actinide Nuclei,” in Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Rochester, 1973 (IAEA, Vienna, 1974), Vol. 1, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  78. A. Gavron et al., “Γn/Γf for Actinide Nuclei Using (3He, tf) Reactions,” Phys. Rev. C 13(6), 2374 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. A. S. Soldatov et al., “Photofission of 231Pa in the Threshold Region,” Yad. Fiz. 46, 695 (1987) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 46, 389 (1987)].

    Google Scholar 

  80. A. S. Soldatov, V. E. Rudnikov, and G. N. Smirenkin, “231Pa Photofission Cross Section,” Atomn. Energiya 78, 400 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  81. W. Howard and P. Moller, “Calculated Fission Barriers, Ground-State Masses, and Particle Separation Energies for Nuclei with 76 ≤ Z ≤ 100 and 140 ≤ N ≤ 184,” Atomic Data and Nucl. Data Tables 25, 219 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. H. C. Britt, “Experimental Survey of the Potential Energy Surfaces Associated with Fission,” in Proc. of Intern. Symp. on Physics and Chemistry of Fission, Julich, 1979 (IAEA, Vienna, 1980), Vol. 1, p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  83. G. A. Bartholomew et al., Adv. in Nucl. Phys (Plenum. Press, New York, 1973), Vol. 7, p. 229.

    Google Scholar 

  84. V. V. Voronov and T. D. Dao, “Dipole Photoabsorbtion on Nuclei in the Lead Region,” Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. 48, 2008 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  85. S. P. Kamerdzhiev, J. Speth, and G. Tertychny, “Isovector Giant Resonances in Magic Nuclei,” Preprint KFA-IKP(TH)-1992-26 (Julich, 1992); Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems: Collective Vibrations in Closed Shell Nuclei,” Phys. Rep. 393, 1 (2004).

  86. S. J. Watson, D. J. S. Findlay, and M. R. Sene, “Photofission and Photoneutron Measurements on 241Am between 5 and 10 MeV,” Nucl. Phys. A 548, 365 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. A. V. Ignatyuk, A. I. Blokhin, V. P. Lunev, et al., “Estimations of Neutron Cross Sections for 241Am and 243Am,” VANT, Ser. Yad. Konstanty (TsNIIatominform, Moscow, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 25, B. I. Fursov et al., “Fast Neutron Induced Fission Cross Sections of 242mAm, 245Cm, 247Cm”, Proc. Int. Conf. Nucl. Data for Science and Technology, Gatlinburg, Tennessee (1994), Vol. 1, p. 269.

    Google Scholar 

  88. O. I. Osetrov, V. D. Dmitriev, and S. V. Khlebnikov, “Photofission Cross Section, Fragment Angular Distributions and Fission Probabilities of 244Cm and 248Cm,” in Proc. of XIII Meet. on Phys. of Nucl. Fission (Obninsk, 1995), p. 258.

  89. A. S. Soldatov, “Photofission Cross Section of 243Cm, 245Cm, 249Bk, and 249Cf Isotopes in the Energy Range from the Threshold to 10–12 MeV,” Yad. Fiz. 66, 574 (2003) [Phys. At. Nucl. 66, 547 (2003)].

    Google Scholar 

  90. B. I. Fursov et al., “Fast Neutron Induced Fission Cross Sections of Some Minor Actinides,” in Proc. of Intern. Conf. on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, Trieste, 1997, Ed. by G. Reffo, A. Ventura, and C. Grandi (Trieste, 1997), Part I, p. 488.

  91. E. F. Fomushkin et al., “Measurements of the Energy Dependence of the Cross Section of 245Cm Fission by Fast Neutrons,” Atomn. Energiya 63, 242 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  92. The ENDF/B-6, Neutron Cross Section Measurement Standards.

  93. A. Gavron et al., “Γn/Γf in Heavy Actinides,” Phys. Rev. C 15(6), 2238 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. N. I. Tarantin and S. M. Kim, “Measurement of the Photofission Cross Section for 249Cf Nuclei in the Giant Dipole Resonance Region,” in Proc. of XIV Meet. on Physics of Nuclear Fission (Obninsk, 2000), p. 211.

  95. V. M. Kupriyanov et al., “Simple Description of the Dependence of the Fission Barriers and Γn/Γf Ratio on the Nucleonic Composition for Transuranic Nuclei,” Yad. Fiz. 32, 355 (1980) [Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 32, 184 (1980)].

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia

    A. S. Soldatov

Authors
  1. A. S. Soldatov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.S. Soldatov, 2008, published in Fizika Elementarnykh Chastits i Atomnogo Yadra, 2008, Vol. 39, No. 2.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Soldatov, A.S. Relative measurements of photofission cross sections with the use of a bremsstrahlung spectrum. Phys. Part. Nuclei 39, 173–220 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779608020020

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063779608020020

PACS numbers

Search

Navigation