Abstract
A new approach to interpreting the hole-activation model of a viscous flow of glass-forming liquids is proposed. This model underlies the development of the concept on the exponential temperature dependence of the free energy of activation of a flow within the range of the liquid-glass transition in complete agreement with available experimental data. The “formation of a fluctuation hole” in high-heat glass-forming melts is considered as a small-scale low-activation local deformation of a structural network, i.e., the quasi-lattice necessary for the switching of the valence bond, which is the main elementary event of viscous flow of glasses and their melts. In this sense, the hole formation is a conditioned process. A drastic increase in the activation free energy of viscous flow in the liquid-glass transition region is explained by a structural transformation that is reduced to a limiting local elastic deformation of the structural network, which, in turn, originates from the excitation (critical displacement) of a bridging atom like the oxygen atom in the Si-O-Si bridge. At elevated temperatures, as a rule, a necessary amount of excited bridging atoms (locally deformed regions of the structural network) always exists, and the activation free energy of viscous flow is almost independent of temperature. The hole-activation model is closely connected with a number of well-known models describing the viscous flow of glass-forming liquids (the Avramov-Milchev, Nemilov, Ojovan, and other models).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. V. Nemilov, Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the Vitreous State (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, United States, 1995).
M. I. Ojovan, Adv. Condens. Matter Phys., Article ID 817 829 (2008).
I. Avramov, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 3163 (2005).
R. H. Doremus, J. Appl. Phys. 92, 7619 (2002).
M. I. Ojovan, K. P. Travis, and R. J. Hand, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 415 107 (2007).
J. C. Dure, N. B. Olsen, and T. Christensen, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 53, 2171 (1996).
V. L. Maksimov, Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A 36, 1156 (1994).
R. L. Myuller, Zh. Prikl. Khim. (Leningrad) 28, 1077 (1955).
V. N. Filipovich, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 1, 256 (1975).
D. S. Sanditov, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 2, 515 (1976).
S. V. Nemilov, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 18(1), 3 (1992) [Sov. J. Glass Phys. Chem. 18 (1), 1 (1992)].
S. V. Nemilov, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 4, 662 (1978).
R. W. Douglas, Nature (London) 158, 415 (1946).
H. T. Smyth, J. R. Finlayson, and H. F. Remde, in Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Glass, Paris, France, 1956 (Paris, 1956), p. 209.
R. L. Myuller, in Vitreous State (Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Moscow, 1960), p. 61 [in Russian].
M. I. Ozhovan, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 130(5), 944 (2006) [JETP 103 (5), 819 (2006)].
H. Tanaka, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 351, 3371 (2005).
C. F. Schuh, T. C. Hufnagel, and U. Ramamurty, Acta Mater. 55, 4067 (2007).
C. A. Angell and K. J. Rao, J. Chem. Phys. 57, 47 (1972).
D. S. Sanditov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 390(1–3), 209 (2003) [Dokl. Phys. Chem. 390 (1–3), 122 (2003)].
D. S. Sanditov, Zh. Éksp. Teor. Fiz. 135(1), 108 (2009) [JETP 108 (1), 98 (2009)].
D. S. Sanditov and G. M. Bartenev, Physical Properties of Disordered Structures (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1982) [in Russian].
J. Frenkel, Kinetic Theory of Liquids (Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Moscow, 1945; Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1946).
S. Glasstone, K. Laidler, and H. Eyring, The Theory of Rate Processes (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941; Inostrannaya Literature, Moscow, 1948).
G. Adam and J. H. Gibbs, J. Chem. Phys. 43, 139 (1965).
V. N. Filipovich and A. M. Kalinina, in Vitreous State (Nauka, Leningrad, 1971), p. 28 [in Russian].
D. S. Sanditov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fiz., No. 2, 17 (1971).
G. Meerlender, Rheol. Acta 6, 309 (1967).
E. Jenckel, Z. Phys. Chem., Abt. A 184, 309 (1939).
S. C. Waterton, J. Soc. Glass Technol. 16, 244 (1932).
H. Vogel, Z. Phys. 22, 645 (1921).
G. S. Fulcher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 8, 339 (1925).
G. Tammann, Glaszustand (Leonard Voss, Leipzig, 1933; ONTI, Moscow, 1935) [in German and in Russian].
J. D. Ferry, Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers (Wiley, New York, 1961; Inostrannaya Literatura, Moscow, 1963).
D. Bredbury, M. Mark, and R. V. Kleinschmidt, Trans. ASME 73, 667 (1951).
N. I. Shishkin, Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 26, 1461 (1956).
B. A. Pospelov, Zh. Fiz. Khim. 29, 70 (1955).
A. S. Tverjanovich and E. B. Kasatkina, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 18(1), 86 (1992) [Sov. J. Glass Phys. Chem. 18 (1), 44 (1992)].
Ya. I. Frenkel, in Proceedings of the Workshop on the Viscosity of Liquids and Colloidal Solutions, Moscow, Soviet Union, 1944 (Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Moscow, 1944), Vol. 2, p. 24 [in Russian].
P. B. Macedo and T. A. Litovitz, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 245 (1965).
M. H. Cohen and D. Turnbull, J. Chem. Phys. 31, 1164 (1959).
D. S. Sanditov, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 3, 580 (1977).
G. M. Bartenev and D. S. Sanditov, Relaxation Processes in Vitreous Systems (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986) [in Russian].
D. S. Sanditov, Vysokomol. Soedin., Ser. A 49(7), 1250 (2007) [Polym. Sci., Ser. A 49 (7), 837 (2007)].
J. D. Mackenzie, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 46, 470 (1963).
O. L. Anderson and H. E. Bommel, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 38, 125 (1955).
R. E. Strakna and H. T. Savage, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1445 (1964).
D. S. Sanditov, Dokl. Akad. Nauk 403, 498 (2005) [Dokl. Phys. Chem. 403, 146 (2005)].
A. I. Mel’ker and A. I. Mikhaĭlin, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (Leningrad) 23(6), 1746 (1981) [Sov. Phys. Solid State 23 (6), 1016 (1981)].
A. V. Lysenko, S. A. Lyakhov, V. A. Khonik, and M. Yu. Yazvitskiĭ, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 51(2), 209 (2009) [Phys. Solid State 51 (2), 221 (2009)].
Yu. V. Agrafonov, D. S. Sanditov, and Sh. B. Tsydypov, Physics of Classical Disordered Systems (Buryat State University, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 2000) [in Russian].
A. A. Askadskiĭ and Yu. I. Matveev, Chemical Structure and Physical Properties of Polymers (Khimiya, Moscow, 1983) [in Russian].
V. I. Betekhtin, A. M. Glezer, A. G. Kadomtsev, and A. Yu. Kipyatkova, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40(1), 85 (1998) [Phys. Solid State 40 (1), 74 (1998)].
D. S. Sanditov, S. S. Badmaev, T. N. Mel’nichenko, and B. D. Sanditov, Fiz. Khim. Stekla 33(1), 56 (2007) [Glass Phys. Chem. 33 (1), 37 (2007)].
O. V. Mazurin, M. V. Strel’tsina, and T. N. Shvaĭko-Shvaĭkovskaya, Properties of Glasses and Glass-Forming Melts: A Reference Book (Nauka, Leningrad-St. Petersburg, 1973–1998), Vols. 1–6 [in Russian].
SciGlass (Version 6.6): Glass Property Information System (Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Shrewsbury, MA, United States, 2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © D.S. Sanditov, 2010, published in Zhurnal Éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, 2010, Vol. 137, No. 4, pp. 767–782.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sanditov, D.S. Shear viscosity of glass-forming melts in the liquid-glass transition region. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 110, 675–688 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377611004014X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377611004014X