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New Combinations of Alleles in the Variants of the Cluster of Bovine Casein Genes and Revision of the Nomenclature of These Genes

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Abstract

A detailed analysis of bovine genomes was performed using four genes of the casein cluster located on the bovine chromosome 6: CSN1S1, alpha-casein S1; CSN1S2, alpha-casein S2; CSN2, beta-casein; and CSN3, kappa-casein. The genotypes of 49 sires of the Kostroma and Holstein-Friesian breeds and crossbred hybrids of zebu with Russian Black Pied cattle breed were studied. The analysis was performed using real-time PCR, which made it possible to genotype DNA samples with the utmost accuracy. In the process of designing the primers, we refined the nomenclature for all four genes, correcting it for a common counting principle for amino acid positions in proteins encoded by the aforementioned genes. We found new combinations of markers (SNPs) in generally recognized alleles in casein genes. Among the specimens studied, we found none with a genotype fully corresponding to the homozygous or heterozygous variants of the generally accepted nomenclature. The identified genotypes were found to combine alleles from more than two variants. Thus, these genotypes cannot be described as homozygous or heterozygous on the basis of the identified allelic variants. The discovered phenomenon is probably not unique since, generally, routine analysis of casein genes tests for several allelic variants associated with the cheese-making properties of milk, and it does not fully take into account the existing casein cluster polymorphism shown in the present study.

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Funding

The study was conducted within the framework of the state assignment of the Tsitsin Main Moscow Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. 122020800034-4.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    S. B. Kuznetsov, E. V. Solodneva, M. T. Semina, S. V. Beketov & Yu. A. Stolpovsky

  2. Joint-Stock Company Head Center for the Reproduction of Farm Animals, 142143, Podolsk, Bykovo, Moscow oblast, Russia

    I. S. Turbina

Authors
  1. S. B. Kuznetsov
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  2. E. V. Solodneva
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  3. M. T. Semina
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  4. S. V. Beketov
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  6. Yu. A. Stolpovsky
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Correspondence to S. B. Kuznetsov.

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Translated by A. Lisenkova

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Kuznetsov, S.B., Solodneva, E.V., Semina, M.T. et al. New Combinations of Alleles in the Variants of the Cluster of Bovine Casein Genes and Revision of the Nomenclature of These Genes. Russ J Genet 58, 915–926 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795422080051

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