Abstract
The distribution of the total alkalinity (TA), the total inorganic carbon (TCO2), the calcium (Ca), and the CO2 partial pressure in the waters of the northwestern Bering Sea (Anadyr Bay) and in the western part of the Chukchi Sea is considered according to the data obtained in August–September 2002. It is shown that the areas treated were sinks of atmospheric CO2 in the summer of 2002: the total CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the seawater was equal to about −20 mmol C/(m2 day). The net community production according to the TCO2 decrease in the upper photic layer in the west of the Chukchi Sea and in the Anadyr Bay waters amounted to 48 ± 12 and 72 ± 18 g C/(m2 year), respectively. The comparison with historical data allows one to tell about the pronounced increase of the TCO2, TA, and Ca concentrations in the waters of Anadyr Bay and in the western part of the Chukchi Sea in the summer 2002. The processes that might have caused the changes observed are the enrichment of the estuarine waters in marine salts under the ice formation in winter and the decrease of the supply of the waters of the Bering Slope Current to the northwestern part of the Bering Sea.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. G. Andreev, “Alterations in the Carbonate System Parameters of the Surface Water in the Northwestern Part of the Pacific Ocean,” Okeanologiya 39, 861–866 (1999) [Oceanology 39 (6), 783–787 (1999)].
V. V. Anikiev, E. P. Varlatyi, O. V. Dudarev, et al., “Carbon Distribution, Fluxes, and Balance in the Anadyr River-Bering Sea Estuary,” Geokhimiya 34, 1220–1229 (1996) [Geochem. Int. 34 (12), 1099–1107 (1996)].
V. S. Antonov, “Water Origin and Ice Transfer in Arctic” Tr. Arkt. Antarkt. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. 285, 148–177 (1968).
V. S. Arsen’ev, Currents and Water Masses of the Bering Sea (Nauka, Moscow, 1967) [in Russian].
Studies of Ecosystems of the Bering and Chukchi Seas, Ed. by Yu. A. Izrael’ and A. V. Tsyban’ (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1992) [in Russian].
Methods of Hydrochemical Studies of the Ocean, Ed. by O. K. Bordovskii and V. N. Ivanenkov (Nauka, Moscow, 1978), pp. 194–202 [in Russian].
E. G. Nikiforov and A. O. Shpaikher, Consistent Patterns of Formation of Large-Scale Anomalies in the Circulation Regime of the Arctic Ocean (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1980) [in Russian].
K. Aagaard, T. J. Weingartner, S. L. Danielson, et al., “Some Controls on Flow and Salinity in Bering Strait,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006).
L. A. Anderson and J. L. Sarmiento, “Redfield Ratios of Mineralization Determined by Nutrient Data Analysis,” Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8, 65–80 (1994).
A. Andreev, M. Kusakabe, M. Honda, et al., “Vertical Fluxes of Nutrients and Carbon through the Halocline in the Western Subarctic Gyre Calculated by Mass Balance,” Deep-Sea Res. II 49, 5577–5593 (2002).
N. R. Bates, “Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes and the Continental Shelf Pump of Carbon in the Chukchi Sea Adjacent to the Arctic Ocean,” J. Geophys. Res. 111 (2006).
N. R. Bates, M. H. P. Best, and D. A. Hansell, “Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon and Net Community Production in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas,” Deep-Sea Res. II 52, 3303–3323 (2005).
P. G. Brewer and J. C. Goldman, “Alkalinity Changes Generated by Phytoplankton Growth,” Limn. Ocean. 21, 108–117 (1976).
E. Carmack and K. Shimada, Preliminary results of MR02-K05.
D. J. Cavalieri and S. Martin, “The Contribution of Alaskan, Siberian, and Canadian Coastal Polynyas to the Cold Halocline Layer of the Arctic Ocean,” J. Geophys. Res. 99, 18343–18362 (1994).
C.-T. A. Chen, “Rates of Calcium Carbonate Dissolution and Organic Carbon Decomposition in the North Pacific Ocean,” J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jap. 46, 201–210 (1990).
J. L. Clement, W. Maslowski, L. W. Cooper, et al., “Ocean Circulation and Exchanges through the Northern Bering Sea—1979–2001 Model Results,” DeepSea Res. II 52, 3509–3540 (2005).
L. A. Codispoti, G. E. Friederich, and D. W. Hood, “Variability in the Inorganic Carbon System over the Southeastern Bering Sea Shelf during Spring 1980 and Spring-Summer 1981,” Cont. Shelf Res. 5, 133–160 (1986).
E. Deleersnijder and J. C. J. Nihoul, “General Circulation in the Northern Bering Sea,” ISHTAR Annual Progress Report, 392 (1988).
A. G. Dickson, Determination of Dissolved Oxygen in Sea Water by Winkler Titration // WHP Operations and Methods (USA, Woods Hole, 1994).
A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet, Handbook of Methods for the Analysis of the Various Parameters of the Carbon Dioxide System in Seawater, (ORNL/CDIAC-74, 1994).
R. A. Feely, C. Sabine, K. Lee, et al., “Impact of Anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 System in the Oceans,” Science 305, 362–366 (2004).
J. A. Francis, E. Hunter, J. Key, et al., “Clues to Variability in Arctic Minimum Ice Extent,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32 (2005).
S. E. Green and R. N. Sambrotto, “Net Community Production in Terms of C, N, P and Si in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Its Influence on Regional Water Mass Characteristics,” Deep-Sea Res. II 53, 111–135 (2006).
V. J. Hill and G. F. Cota, “Spatial Patterns of Primary Production in the Chukchi Sea in the Spring and Summer of 2002,” Deep-Sea Res. II 52, 3344–3354 (2005).
G. L. Hunt, C. L. Baduini, R. D. Brodeur, et al., “The Bering Sea in 1998: The Second Consecutive Year of Extreme Weather-Forced Anomalies,” EOS 80, 561–566 (1999).
“IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change) Climate Change 2001. Working Group I: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of the Working Group,” in Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, Ed. by J. T. Houghton, et al. (Univ. Press, Cambridge, Cambridge, 2001).
C. D. Keeling and T. P. Whorf, “Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the SIO Air Sampling Network,” in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy (Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA, 2005).
F. J. Millero, “The Thermodynamics of the Carbon Dioxide System in the Ocean,” Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 661–677 (2005).
R. D. Muench, J. D. Schumacher, and S. A. Salo, “Winter Currents and Hydrographic Conditions on the Northern Bering Sea Shelf,” J. Geophys. Res. 93, 516–526 (1988).
A. Murata and T. Takizawa, “Impact of a Coccolithophorid Bloom on the CO2 System in Surface Waters of the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (2002).
J. E. Overland and A. T. Roach, “Northward Flow in the Bering and Chukchi Seas,” J. Geophys. Res. 92, 7097–7105 (1987).
B. J. Peterson, R. M. Holmes, J. W. McClelland, et al., “Increasing River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean,” Science 298, 2171–2173 (2002).
PICES Scientific Report. CO2 in the North Pacific Ocean (PICES Press, 2003).
A. Y. Proshutinsky and M. A. Johnson, “Two Circulation Regimes of the Wind-Driven Arctic Ocean,” J. Geophys. Res. 102, 12493–12514 (1997).
S. A. Telang, R. Pocklington, A. S. Naidu, et al., “Carbon and Mineral Transport in Major North American, Russian Arctic, and Siberian Rivers: the St. Lawrence, the Mackenzie, the Yukon, the Arctic Alaskan Rivers, the Arctic Basin Rivers in the Soviet Union, and the Yenisei,” in SCOPE 42, Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers (1991).
S. Tsunogai, M. Nishimura, and S. Nakaya, “Complexometric Titration of Calcium in the Presence of Larger Amounts of Magnesium,” Talanta 15, 385–390 (1968).
R. Wanninkof and W. R. McGillis, “A Cubic Relationship between Air-Sea CO2 Exchange and Wind Speed,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1889–1892 (1999).
T. J. Weingartner, S. Danielson, Y. Sasaki, et al., “The Siberian Coastal Current: A Wind- and Buoyancy-Forced Arctic Coastal Current,” J. Geophys. Res. 104, 29697–29713 (1999).
T. J. Weingartner, K. Aagaard, R. Woodgate, et al., “Circulation on the North Central Chuckchi Sea Shelf,” Deep-Sea Res. II (2005).
P. J. B. Williams, “On the Definition of Plankton Production Terms,” in Measurements of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scale Ed. by W. K. W. Li and S. Y. Maestrini, ICES Marine Science Symposium 197, 9–19 (1993).
C. D. Winn, Y. H. Li, F. T. Mackenzie, and D. M. Karl, “Rising Surface Ocean Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon at the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series Sites,” Mar. Chem. 60, 33–47 (1998).
R. A. Woodgate, K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner, “Interannual Changes in the Bering Straits Fluxes of Volume, Heat and Freshwater between 1991 and 2004,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) [doi: 10.1029/2006GL026931].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.G. Andreev, C.-T.A. Chen, N.A. Sereda, 2010, published in Okeanologiya, 2010, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 43–55.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Andreev, A.G., Chen, C.T.A. & Sereda, N.A. The distribution of the carbonate parameters in the waters of Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea and in the western part of the Chukchi Sea. Oceanology 50, 39–50 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437010010054
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437010010054