Abstract
This review covers the data concerning the relationship between cell growth and aquaporins in the cell membranes, the plasmalemma and tonoplast. Genes of aquaporins, water channel-forming proteins, are actively expressed before the onset and during cell elongation, thus providing accumulation of aquaporin protein and higher membrane hydraulic conductivity. As a result, an additional water uptake favors cell vacuolation and elongation. The review gives information on all growing plant organs. In actively dividing plant cells, only plasmalemma aquaporins are synthesized, whereas in elongating cells, tonoplast aquaporins are synthesized as well. The review includes also the findings of aquaporin research after growth completion.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaumont, F., Barrieu, F., Wojcic, E., Chrispeels, M.J., and Jung, R., Aquaporins Constitute a Large and Highly Divergent Protein Family in Maize, Plant Physiol., 2001, vol. 125, pp. 1206–1215.
Tyerman, S.D., Bohnert, H.J., Maurel, C., Steudle, E., and Smith, J.A.C., Plant Aquaporins: Their Molecular Biology, Biophysics and Significance for Plant Water Relation, J. Exp. Bot., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 1055–1071.
Maurel, C., Javot, H., Lauvergeat, V., Gerbeau, P., Tournaire, C., Santoni, V., and Heyes, J., Molecular Physiology of Aquaporins in Plants, Int. Rev. Cytol., 2002, vol. 215, pp. 105–148.
Postaire, O., Verdoucq, L., and Maurel, C., Aquaporins in Plants: From Molecular Structure to Integrated Functions, Adv. Bot. Res., 2008, vol. 46, pp. 76–136.
Shapiguzov, A.Yu., Aquaporins: Structure, Systematics, and Regulatory Features, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 127–137.
Maurel, C., Verdoucq, L., Luu, D.T., and Santoni, V.P., Plant Aquaporins. Membrane Channels with Multiple Integrated Functions, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 2008, vol. 59, pp. 595–624.
Maurel, C. and Chrispeels, M.J., Aquaporins: A Molecular Entry into Plant Water Relations, Plant Physiol., 2001, vol. 125, pp. 135–138.
Tornroth-Horesefield, S., Wang, Y., Hedfolk, K., Johanson, U., Karlson, M., Tajkhordshid, E., Neutze, R., and Kjellbom, P., Structural Mechanism of Plant Aquaporin Gating, Nature, 2006, vol. 439, pp. 688–694.
Fujiyoshi, Y., Mitsuoka, K., de Groot, B.L., Philippsen, A., Grubmüller, H., Agre, P., and Engel, A., Structure and Function of Water Channels, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 2002, vol. 12, pp. 509–515.
Maurel, C., Plant Aquaporins: Novel Function and Regulation Properties, FEBS Lett., 2007, vol. 581, pp. 2227–2236.
Javot, H. and Maurel, C., The Role of Aquaporins in Root Water Uptake, Ann. Bot., 2002, vol. 90, pp. 301–313.
Trofimova, M.S., Zhestkova, I.M., Andreev, I.M., Svinov, M.M., Bobylev, Yu.S., and Sorokin, E.M., Osmotic Water Permeability of Vacuolar and Plasma Membranes Isolated from Maize Roots, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2001, vol. 48, pp. 287–293.
Harvengt, P., Vlerick, A., Fuks, B., Wattiez, R., Ruysschaert, J.-M., and Homble, F., Lentil Seed Aquaporins Form a Hetero-Oligomer Which Is Phosphorylated by a Mg2+-Dependent and Ca2+-Regulated Kinase, Biochem. J., 2000, vol. 352, pp. 183–190.
Hachez, C., Moshelion, M., Zelazny, E., Cavez, D., and Chaumont, F., Localization and Quantification of Plasma Membrane Aquaporin Expression in Maize Primary Root: A Clue to Understanding Their Role as Cellular Plumbers, Plant Mol. Biol., 2006, vol. 62, pp. 305–323.
Kaldenhoff, R. and Fisher, M., Functional Aquaporin Diversity in Plants, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2006, vol. 1758, pp. 1134–1141.
Hachez, C., Heinen, R.B., Draye, X., and Chaumont, F., The Expression Pattern of Plasma Membrane Aquaporins in Maize Leaf Highlights Their Role in Hydraulic Regulation, Plant Mol. Biol., 2008, vol. 68, pp. 337–353.
Schuurmans, J.A.M.J., van Dongen, J.T., Rutjens, B.P.S., Boonman, A., Pieterse, C.M.J., and Borstlap, A.C., Members of the Aquaporin Family in the Developing Pea Seed Coat Include Representatives of the PIP, TIP, and NIP Subfamilies, Plant Mol. Biol., 2003, vol. 53, pp. 655–667.
Barrouclough, D., Peterson, C., and Steudle, E., Radial Hydraulic Conductivity along Developing Onion Roots, J. Exp. Bot., 2000, vol. 51, pp. 547–557.
Wan, X., Steudle, E., and Hartung, W., Gating of Water Channels (Aquaporins) in Cortical Cells of Young Corn Roots by Mechanical Stimuli (Pressure Pulses): Effects of ABA and HgCl2, J. Exp. Bot., 2004, vol. 55, pp. 411–422.
O’Brien, M., Bertrand, C., and Matton, D.P., Characterization of a Fertilization-Induced and Developmentally Regulated Plasma-Membrane Aquaporin Expressed in Reproductive Tissues, in the Wild Potato Solanum chacoense Bitt., Planta, 2002, vol. 215, pp. 485–493.
Ciavatta, V.T., Morillon, R., Pullman, G.S., Chrispeels, M.J., and Cairney, J., An Aquaglyceroporin Is Abundantly Expressed Early in the Development of the Suspensor and the Embryo Proper of Loblolly Pine, Plant Physiol., 2001, vol. 127, pp. 1556–1567.
Johnson, K.D., Herman, E.M., and Chrispeels, M.J., An Abundant, Highly Conserved Tonoplast Protein in Seeds, Plant Physiol., 1989, vol. 91, pp. 1006–1013.
Höfte, H. and Chrispeels, M.J., Protein Sorting to the Vacuolar Membrane, Plant Cell, 1992, vol. 4, pp. 995–1001.
Maeshima, M., Hara-Nishimura, I., Takeuchi, Y., and Nishimura, M., Accumulation of Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase and H+-ATPase during Reformation of the Central Vacuole in Germinating Pumpkin Seeds, Plant Physiol., 1994, vol. 106, pp. 61–69.
Oliviusson, P. and Hakman, I., A Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein (TIP) Is Present in Seeds, Roots and Somatic Embryos of Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Physiol. Plant., 1995, vol. 95, pp. 288–295.
Melroy, D.L. and Herman, E.M., TIP, an Integral Membrane Protein of the Protein-Storage Vacuoles of the Soybean Cotyledon Undergoes Developmentally Regulated Membrane Accumulation and Removal, Planta, 1991, vol. 184, pp. 113–122.
Inoue, K., Takeuchi, Y., Nishimura, M., and Hara-Nishimura, I., Characterization of Two Integral Membrane Proteins Located in the Protein Bodies of Pumpkin Seeds, Plant Mol. Biol., 1995, vol. 28, pp. 1089–1101.
Mäer, M. and Chrispeels, M.J., Synthesis of an Integral Protein of the Protein-Body Membrane in Phaseolus vulgaris Cotyledons, Planta, 1984, vol. 160, pp. 330–340.
Maurel, C., Kado, R.T., Guern, J., and Chrispeels, M.J., Phosphorylation Regulates the Water Channel Activity of the Seed-Specific Aquaporin α-TIP, EMBO J., 1995, vol. 14, pp. 3028–3035.
Jauh, G.Y., Philips, T.E., and Rogers, J.C., Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein Isoforms as Markers for Vacuolar Functions, Plant Cell, 1999, vol. 11, pp. 1867–1882.
Willigen, V.C., Postaire, O., Tournair-Roux, C., Boursiac, Y., and Maurel, C., Expression and Inhibition of Aquaporins in Germinating Arabidopsis Seeds, Plant Cell Physiol., 2006, vol. 47, pp. 1241–1250.
Shizhneva, I.A., Involvement of Aquaporins in Water Influx to Axial Organs of Germinating Seeds, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow: Timiryazev Inst. Plant Physiol. Russ. Acad. Sci., 2007.
Gao, Y.P., Young, L., Bonham-Smith, P., and Gusta, L.V., Characterization and Expression of Plasma and Tonoplast Membrane Aquaporins in Primed Seed of Brassica napus during Germination under Stress Conditions, Plant Mol. Biol., 1999, vol. 40, pp. 635–644.
Fukuhara, T., Kirch, H.-H., and Bohnert, H.J., Expression of Vap1 and Water Channel Proteins during Seed Germination, Plant Cell Environ., 1999, vol. 22, pp. 417–424.
Liu, H.Y., Yu, X., Cui, D.Y., Sun, M.H., Sun, W.N., Tang, Z.C., Kwak, S.S., and Su, W.A., The Role of Water Channel Proteins and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Rice Seed Germination, Cell Res., 2007, vol. 17, pp. 638–649.
Obroucheva, N.V., Seed Germination: A Guide to the Early Stages, Leiden: Backhuys Publ., 1999.
Obroucheva, N.V. and Antipova, O.V., Physiology of the Initiation of Seed Germination, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 250–264.
Veselova, T.V. and Veselovsky, V.A., Possible Involvement of Aquaporins in Water Uptake by Pea Seeds Differing in Quality, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2006, vol. 53, pp. 96–101.
Obroucheva, N.V., Kovadlo, L.S., and Prokof’ev, A.A., Water Content as a Trigger of Starch and Protein Mobilization during Pea Seed Germination, Sov. Plant Physiol., 1988, vol. 35, pp. 322–328.
Herman, E.M. and Larkins, B.A., Protein Storage Bodies and Vacuoles, Plant Cell, 1999, vol. 11, pp. 601–613.
Shizhneva, I.A., Novikova, G.V., and Obroucheva, N.V., Tonoplast and Plasmalemma Aquaporins in Axial Organs of Bean Seeds during Germination, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2007, vol. 413, pp. 116–119.
Penfield, S., Li, Yi., Gilday, A.D., Graham, S., and Graham, I.A., Arabidopsis ABA INSENSITIVE4 Regulates Lipid Mobilization in the Embryo and Reveals Repression of Seed Germination by the Endosperm, Plant Cell, 2006, vol. 18, pp. 1887–1899.
Daniels, M.J., Chaumont, F., Mirkov, E.T., and Chrispeels, M.J., Characterization of New Vacuolar Membrane Aquaporin Sensitive to Mercury at a Unique Site, Plant Cell, 1996, vol. 8, pp. 587–599.
Karlsson, M., Johansson, I., Bush, M., McCann, M.C., Maurel, C., Larsson, C., and Kjellbom, P., An Abundant TIP Expressed in Mature Highly Vacuolated Cells, Plant J., 2000, vol. 21, pp. 83–90.
Ludevid, D., Höfte, H., Himelblau, E., and Chrispeels, M.J., The Expression Pattern of the Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein γ-TIP in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Correlated with Cell Enlargement, Plant Physiol., 1992, vol. 100, pp. 1633–1639.
Hukin, D., Doering-Saad, C., Thomas, C.R., and Pritchard, J., Sensitivity of Cell Hydraulic Conductivity to Mercury Is Coincident with Symplasmic Isolation and Expression of Plasmalemma Aquaporin Genes in Growing Maize Roots, Planta, 2002, vol. 215, pp. 1047–1056.
Suga, S., Murai, M., Kuwagata, T., and Maeshima, M., Differences in Aquaporin Levels among Cell Types of Radish and Measurement of Osmotic Water Permeability of Individual Protoplasts, Plant Cell Physiol., 2003, vol. 44, pp. 277–286.
Barrieu, F., Chaumont, F., and Chrispeels, M.J., High Expression of Tonoplast Aquaporin ZmTIP in Epidermal and Conducting Tissues of Maize, Plant Physiol., 1998, vol. 117, pp. 1153–1163.
Kaldenhoff, R., Kölling, A., Meyers, J., Karmann, U., Ruppel, G., and Richter, G., The Blue Light-Responsive AthH2 Gene of Arabidopsis thaliana Is Primarily Expressed in Expanding as Well as in Differentiating Cells and Encodes a Putative Channel Protein of the Plasmalemma, Plant J., 1995, vol. 7, pp. 87–95.
Javot, H., Lauvergeat, V., Santoni, V., Martin-Laurent, F., Guclu, J., Vinh, J., Heyes, J., Franck, K.I., Schäffner, A.R., Bouchez, D., and Maurel, C., Role of Single Aquaporin Isoform in Root Water Uptake, Plant Cell, 2003, vol. 15, pp. 509–522.
Chaumont, F., Barrieu, F., Herman, E.M., and Chrispeels, M.J., Characterization of a Maize Tonoplast Aquaporin Expressed in Zone of Cell Division and Elongation, Plant Physiol., 1998, vol. 117, pp. 1143–1152.
Barrieu, F., Thomas, D., Marty-Mazars, D., Charbonnier, M., and Marty, F., Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins from Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis): Immunological Analysis, cDNA Cloning and Evidence for Expression in Meristematic Tissues, Planta, 1998, vol. 204, pp. 335–334.
Suga, S., Komatsu, S., and Maeshima, M., Aquaporin Isoforms Responsive to Salt and Water Stresses and Phytohormones in Radish Seedlings, Plant Cell Physiol., 2002, vol. 43, pp. 1229–1237.
Bots, M., Feron, R., Uehlein, N., Weterings, K., Kaldenhoff, R., and Mariani, T., PIP1 and PIP2 Aquaporins Are Differentially Expressed during Tobacco Anther and Stigma Development, J. Exp. Bot., 2005, vol. 56, pp. 113–121.
Eisenbarth, D.A. and Weig, A.R., Dynamics of Aquaporins and Water Relations during Hypocotyls Elongation in Ricinus communis L. Seedlings, J. Exp. Bot., 2005, vol. 56, pp. 1831–1842.
Yooyongwech, S., Horigane, A.K., Yoshida, M., Yamaguchi, M., Sekozawa, Y., Sugaya, S., and Gemma, H., Changes in Aquaporin Gene Expression and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Water Status in Peach Tree Flower Buds during Dormancy, Physiol. Plant., 2008, vol. 134, pp. 522–533.
Cui, X.H., Hao, F.S., Chen, J., and Wang, X.C., Expression of the Vicia faba VfPIP Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Improves Their Drought Resistance, J. Plant Res., 2008, vol. 121, pp. 207–214.
Schünmann, P.H.D. and Ougham, H.J., Identification of Three cDNA Clones Expressed in the Leaf Extension Zone and with Altered Patterns of Expression in the Slender Mutant of Barley: A Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein, a Putative Structural Protein and Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase, Plant Mol. Biol., 1996, vol. 31, pp. 529–537.
Frangue, N., Maeshima, M., Schäffner, A.R., Mandel, T., Martinoia, E., and Bonnemain, J.L., Expression and Distribution of Vacuolar Aquaporin in Young and Mature Leaf Tissues of Brassica napus in Relation to Water Fluxes, Planta, 2001, vol. 212, pp. 270–278.
Volkov, V., Hachez, C., Moshelion, M., Draye, X., Chaumont, F., and Fricke, W., Water Permeability Differs between Growing and Nongrowing Barley Leaf Tissues, J. Exp. Bot., 2007, vol. 58, pp. 377–390.
Ma, N., Xue, J., Li, Y., Liu, X., Dai, F., Jia, W., Luo, Y., and Gao, J., Rh-PIP2;1 a Rose Aquaporin Gene, Is Involved in Ethylene-Regulated Petal Expansion, Plant Physiol., 2008, vol. 148, pp. 894–907.
Dixit, R., Rizzo, C., Nasrallah, M., and Nasrallah, J., The Brassica MIP-MOD Gene Encodes a Functional Water Channel That Is Expressed in the Stigma Epidermis, Plant Mol. Biol., 2001, vol. 45, pp. 51–62.
Ozga, J.A., van Huizen, R., and Reinecke, D.M., Hormone and Seed-Specific Regulation of Pea Fruit Growth, Plant Physiol., 2002, vol. 128, pp. 1379–1389.
Schlosser, J., Olsson, N., Weis, M., Reid, K., Peng, F., Lund, S., and Bowen, P., Cellular Expansion and Gene Expression in the Developing Grape (Vitis vinifera L.), Protoplasma, 2008, vol. 232, pp. 255–265.
Zhou, Y., Setz, N., Niemietz, C., Offler, C.E., Tyerman, S.D., and Patrick, J.W., Aquaporins and Unloading of Phloem-Imported Water in Coats of Developing Bean Seeds, Plant Cell Environ., 2007, vol. 30, pp. 1566–1577.
Smart, L.B., Vojdani, F., Maeshima, M., and Wilkins, T.A., Genes Involved in Osmoregulation during Turgor-Driven Cell Expansion of Developing Cotton Fibers Are Differentially Regulated, Plant Physiol., 1998, vol. 116, pp. 1539–1549.
Phillips, A.L. and Huttly, A.K., Cloning of Two Gibberellin-Regulated cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana by Subtractive Hybridization: Expression of the Tonoplast Water Channel, γ-TIP, Is Increased by GA3, Plant Mol. Biol., 1994, vol. 24, pp. 603–615.
Ogawa, M., Hanada, A., Yamauchi, Y., Kuwahara, A., Kamiya, Y., and Yamaguchi, S., Gibberellin Biosynthesis and Response during Arabidopsis Seed Germination, Plant Cell, 2003, vol. 15, pp. 1591–1604.
Uehlein, N., Otto, B., Hanson, D.T., Fisher, M., McDowell, N., and Kaldenhoff, R., Function of Nicotiana tabacum Aquaporins as Chloroplast Gas Pores Challenges the Concept of Membrane CO2 Permeability, Plant Cell, 2008, vol. 20, pp. 648–657.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.V. Obroucheva, I.A. Sin’kevich, 2010, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2010, Vol. 57, No.2, pp. 163–176.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Obroucheva, N.V., Sin’kevich, I.A. Aquaporins and cell growth. Russ J Plant Physiol 57, 153–165 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443710020019
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443710020019