Abstract
New classes of extrasolar planets with relatively small masses (“super-Earths”) located in low orbits near low luminosity stars possess moderately high temperature and atmospheric pressure at their surfaces. Such physical conditions and composition of an atmosphere is incompatible with the Earth’s aminonucleic acid form of life. But should they be considered as conditions incompatible with any form of life at all? Considering the conditions on Venus as a possible analogue of physical conditions on low-orbiting exoplanets of the “super-Earths” type, a new analysis of Venusian surface panoramas’ details has been made. These images were produced by the VENERA landers in 1975 and 1982. Also the images which had not been previously considered were included in the processing. A few relatively large objects were found with size ranging from a decimeter to half meter and with unusual morphology. The objects were observed in some images, but were absent in the other or altered their shape. The article presents the obtained results and analyzes the evidence of reality of these objects.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Avduevsky, V.S., Godnev, A.G., Zakharov, Yu.V., et al., Estimation of Physical-Mechanic Properties of the Venusian Soil at Landing of the VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 331–350.
Baklunov, A.M., Karyagin, V.P., Kovtunenko, V.M., et al., Automatic Interplanetary Stations VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 151–153.
Barman, T., Identification of Absorption Features in an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere, Astrophys. J., 2007, vol. 661, pp. L191–L194.
Barmin, I.V. and Shevchenko, A.A., Soil Collection Unit of the VENERA-13, -14 Landers, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 171–175.
Bokshtein, I.M., Kronrod, M.A., Chochia, P.A., and Gektin, Yu.M., Processing of TV Panoramas of the Venus Transmitted by VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 190–200.
Charbonneau, D., Berta, Z.K., Irwin, J., et al., A Super Earth Transiting a Nearby Low Mass Star, Nature, 2009, vol. 462, pp. 891–894.
Colin, L., Basic Facts about Venus, in Venus, Hunten, D.M., Colin, L., Donahue, T.M., and Moroz, V.I., Eds., Univ. Arizona Press, 1983, ch. 2.
Florenskiy, K.P., Bazilevskiy, A.T., Burba, G.A., et al., Panorama of Venera 9 and 10 Landing Sites, in Venus, Hunten, D.M., Colin, L., Donahue, T.M., and Moroz, V.I., Eds., Univ. Arizona Press, 1983, ch. 8.
Florenskiy, K.P., Nikolaeva, O.V., Volkov, V.P., et al., On Redox Conditions on Venus Surface Obtained by the VENERA-13, -14 Landers, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 351–354.
Kemurdzhian, A.L., Brodskii, P.N., Gromov, V.V., et al., Preliminary Results of Determination of Physical-Mechanic Properties of the Venusian Soil by VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 323–330.
Kerzhanovich, V.V., Ancibor, N.M., Kustodiyev, V.D., et al., Vertical Profiles of the Wind in Venus Atmosphere by Means of Doppler Measurements of VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 211–217.
Ksanfomality, L.V., Planety, otkrytye zanovo (Planets Discovered Anew), Moscow: Nauka, 1978.
Ksanfomality, L.V., Goroshkova, N.V., and Khondirev, V.K., Wind Velocity at the Venus Surface Obtained by Means of Acoustic Measurements, Kosm. Issl., 1983a, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 218–224.
Ksanfomality, L.V., Scarf, F.L., and Taylor, W.W.L., The Electrical Activity of the Atmosphere of Venus, in Venus, Hunten, D.M., Colin, L., Donahue, T.M., and Moroz, V.I., Eds., Univ. Arizona Press, 1983b, ch. 17.
Ksanfomality, L.V., Planeta Venera (The Venus), Moscow: Fizmatlit, 1985.
Ksanfomality, L.V., On the Nature of the Object HD 209458b: Conclusions Drawn from Comparison of Experimental and Theoretical Data, Solar Syst. Res., 2004, vol. 38, no. 4, p. 300.
Kuzmin, A.D. and Marov, M.Ya., Fizika planety Venera (The Venus Physics), Moscow: Nauka, 1974.
Leger, A., Transiting Exoplanets from the CoRoT Space Mission. VIII. CoRoT-7b: the First Super Earth with a Measured Radius, Astron. Astrophys., 2009, vol. 506, pp. 287–302.
Marcy, G., Water World Larger Than Earth, Nature, 2009, vol. 462, pp. 853–854.
Marov, M.Ya., Byvshev, B.V., Baranov, I.P., et al., Nephelometric Investigation of Venus Clouds by Means of VENERA-13, -14, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 269–278.
Mayor, M., Bonfils, X., Forveille, T., et al., The HARPS Search for Southern Extra Solar Planets. XVIII. An Earth Mass Planet in the GJ 581 Planetary System, Astron. Astrophys., 2009, vol. 507, pp. 487–494.
Moshkin B.E., Economov A.P., Moroz V.I. et al., Spectrophotometric Experiment on VENERA-13, -14 Landers, Kosm. Issl., 1983, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 236–245.
Moshkin, B.E., Calculation of Images Real Geometry of Venusian Surface Panoramas Obtained by the VENERA-13, -14 Landers in 1982, Space Research Institute nonpublished paper. Pervye panoramy poverkhnosti Venery (The First Panoramas of the Venus Surface), Keldysh, M.V., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Planet Formation: Theory, Observation, and Experiments, Klahr, H. and Brandner, W., Eds., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006.
Richardson, L.J., Deming, D., Horning, K., et al., A Spectrum of an Extrasolar Planet, Nature, 2007, vol. 445, pp. 892–895.
Seager, S., Kuchner, M., Hier-Majunder, C.A., and Militzer, B., Mass-Radius Relationships for Solid Exoplanets, Astrophys. J., 2007, vol. 669, pp. 1279–1297.
Selivanov, A.S., Panfilov, A.S., Naraeva, M.K., et al., Photometric Processing of the Venusian Surface Panoramas, in Pervye panoramy poverkhnosti Venery (The First Panoramas of the Venus Surface), Keldysh, M.V., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1979, pp. 68–79.
Selivanov, F.S., Gektin, Yu.M., Gerasimov, M.A., et al., Continuation of the TV Investigation of Venus Surface by Means of Landers, Kosm. Issl., 1983a, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 176–182.
Selivanov, A.S., Gektin, Yu.M., Naraeva, M.K., et al., On Dynamic Phenomena Detected on the Venusian Surface Panoramas Obtained by the VENERA-13, -14 Landers, Kosm. Issl., 1983b, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 200–204.
Udry, S., Bonfils, X., Delfosse, X., et al., The HARPS Search for Southern Extra Solar Planets. XI. Super Earths (5 and 8 M Earth) in a 3 Planet System, Astron. Astrophys., 2007, vol. 469, pp. L43–L47.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Published in Russian in Astronomicheskii Vestnik, 2012, vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 44–57.
The article was translated by the author.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ksanfomality, L.V. Venus as a natural laboratory for search of life in high temperature conditions: Events on the planet on March 1, 1982. Sol Syst Res 46, 41–53 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094612010042
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094612010042