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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 1047-1052, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.1047-1052.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Longitudinal Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 nef/Long Terminal Repeat Sequences in a Cohort of Long-Term Survivors Infected from a Single Source

Melissa J. Churchill,¹ David I. Rhodes,^1, Jennifer C. Learmont,² John S. Sullivan,^2,3 Steven L. Wesselingh,^1,4 Ian R. C. Cooke,¹ Nicholas J. Deacon,^1, and Paul R. Gorry^1,4*

The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,¹ Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,² Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,³ Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia⁴

Received 13 October 2005/ Accepted 25 October 2005

We studied the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a cohort of long-term survivors infected with an attenuated strain of HIV-1 acquired from a single source. Although the cohort members experienced differing clinical courses, we demonstrate similar evolution of HIV-1 nef/long-terminal repeat (LTR) sequences, characterized by progressive sequence deletions tending toward a minimal nef/LTR structure that retains only sequence elements required for viral replication. The in vivo pathogenicity of attenuated HIV-1 is therefore dictated by viral and/or host factors other than those that impose a unidirectional selection pressure on the nef/LTR region of the HIV-1 genome.

Present address: Avexa Ltd., Richmond, Victoria, Australia.

Present address: Monash University, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria, Australia.

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