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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2004, p. 6963-6967, Vol. 70, No. 12
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.12.6963-6967.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inactivation of Viruses in Bubbling Processes Utilized for Personal Bioaerosol Monitoring

I. E. Agranovski,1* A. S. Safatov,2 A. I. Borodulin,2 O. V. Pyankov,2 V. A. Petrishchenko,2 A. N. Sergeev,2 A. P. Agafonov,2 G. M. Ignatiev,2 A. A. Sergeev,2 and V. Agranovski3

Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Griffith University,1 Centre for Medical and Health Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,3 State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector," Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia2

Received 7 March 2004/ Accepted 16 July 2004

A new personal bioaerosol sampler has recently been developed and evaluated for sampling of viable airborne bacteria and fungi under controlled laboratory conditions and in the field. The operational principle of the device is based on the passage of air through porous medium immersed in liquid. This process leads to the formation of bubbles within the filter as the carrier gas passes through and thus provides effective mechanisms for aerosol removal. As demonstrated in previous studies, the culturability of sampled bacterium and fungi remained high for the entire 8-h sampling period. The present study is the first step of the evaluation of the new sampler for monitoring of viable airborne viruses. It focuses on the investigation of the inactivation rate of viruses in the bubbling process during 4 h of continuous operation. Four microbes were used in this study, influenza, measles, mumps, and vaccinia viruses. It was found that the use of distilled water as the collection fluid was associated with a relatively high decay rate. A significant improvement was achieved by utilizing virus maintenance fluid prepared by using Hank's solution with appropriate additives. The survival rates of the influenza, measles, and mumps viruses were increased by 1.4 log, 0.83 log, and 0.82 log, respectively, after the first hour of operation compared to bubbling through the sterile water. The same trend was observed throughout the entire 4-h experiment. There was no significant difference observed only for the robust vaccinia virus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia. Phone: 617 3875 7923. Fax: 617 3875 7459. E-mail: i.agranovski{at}griffith.edu.au.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2004, p. 6963-6967, Vol. 70, No. 12
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.12.6963-6967.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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