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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2008, p. 4271-4276, Vol. 74, No. 14
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00539-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Two-Log Increase in Sensitivity for Detection of Norovirus in Complex Samples by Concentration with Porcine Gastric Mucin Conjugated to Magnetic Beads{triangledown}

Peng Tian,* Anna Engelbrektson, and Robert Mandrell

Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710

Received 5 March 2008/ Accepted 20 May 2008

Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) have been identified previously as candidate receptors for human norovirus (NOR). Type A, type H1, and Lewis HBGA in humans have been identified as major HBGA for NOR binding. We have found that pig stomach (gastric) mucin (PGM) contains blood group A, H1, and Lewis b HBGA and binds to multiple strains of NOR more broadly than do specific antibodies to NOR. Both genogroup I (GGI) and GGII NOR strains were recovered by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads. A fecal sample containing GGII NOR was detected at a dilution of 1:1,000,000 by the standard RNA extraction procedure, whereas NOR in a 1:100,000,000 dilution could be concentrated by PGM-conjugated magnetic beads and NOR in spiked food samples (e.g., oyster extract, strawberry, raspberry, and lettuce) was captured by PGM, thus minimizing the reverse transcription-PCR inhibitors in food and increasing sensitivity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, WRRC, ARS, USDA, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710-1105. Phone: (510) 559-5637. Fax: (510) 559-5948. E-mail: ptian{at}pw.usda.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 30 May 2008.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2008, p. 4271-4276, Vol. 74, No. 14
0099-2240/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.00539-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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