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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2004, p. 655-658, Vol. 48, No. 2
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.2.655-658.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effects of Ascorbic Acid, Glutathione, Thiocyanate, and Iodide on Antimicrobial Activity of Acidified Nitrite

Alemu Fite,1,2,3* Rolf Dykhuizen,2 Audrey Litterick,1 Michael Golden,2 and Carlo Leifert1

Aberdeen University Centre for Organic Agriculture, Aberdeen University, MacRobert, Aberdeen, AB24 3AU,1 Medicine and Therapeutics Department, Aberdeen University, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD,2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom3

Received 24 March 2003/ Returned for modification 23 September 2003/ Accepted 15 October 2003

It has been hypothesized that dietary nitrite augments the antimicrobial activity of gastric acid after conversion to nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen intermediates, thus resulting in increased resistance against gastrointestinal infection. In this study, we showed that the reducing agents ascorbic acid and glutathione reduced the activity of acidified nitrite against Yersinia enterocolitica (P < 0.001). In contrast, iodide and thiocyanate increased the antimicrobial activity (P < 0.001), whereas hydroxyacids (citrate, lactate, and tartarate) had no measurable effects.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MRC Microbiology and Gut Biology Group, University of Dundee, Level 6, Ninewells Hospital Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-1382-496341. Fax: 44-1382-633952. E-mail: a.fite{at}dundee.ac.uk.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, February 2004, p. 655-658, Vol. 48, No. 2
0066-4804/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.2.655-658.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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