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Journal of Virology, June 2004, p. 6073-6076, Vol. 78, No. 11
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.6073-6076.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human APOBEC3F Is Another Host Factor That Blocks Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication

Yong-Hui Zheng,1 Dan Irwin,1 Takeshi Kurosu,1 Kenzo Tokunaga,2 Tetsutaro Sata,2 and B. Matija Peterlin1*

Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143,1 and Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan2

Received 3 December 2003/ Accepted 22 January 2004

Recently, APOBEC3G has been identified as a host factor that blocks retroviral replication. It introduces G to A hypermutations in newly synthesized minus strand viral cDNA at the step of reverse transcription in target cells. Here, we identified the human APOBEC3F protein as another host factor that blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication. Similar to APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F also induced G to A hypermutations in HIV genomic DNA, and the viral Vif protein counteracted its activity. Thus, APOBEC family members might have evolved as a general defense mechanism of the body against retroviruses, retrotransposons, and other mobile genetic elements.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 3rd and Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0703. Phone: (415) 502-1902. Fax: (415) 502-1901. E-mail: matija{at}itsa.ucsf.edu.

Journal of Virology, June 2004, p. 6073-6076, Vol. 78, No. 11
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.11.6073-6076.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.