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N-linked oligosaccharides arise when blocks of 14 sugars are added cotranslationally to newly synthesized polypeptides inthe endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These glycans are then subjectedto
extensive modification as the glycoproteins mature and movethrough the
ER via the Golgi complex to their final destinationsinside and outside
the cell. In the ER and in the early secretorypathway, where the
repertoire of oligosaccharide structures isstill rather small, the
glycans play a pivotal role in proteinfolding, oligomerization,
quality control, sorting, and transport.They are used as universal
"tags" that allow specific lectinsand modifying enzymes to
establish order among the diversity ofmaturing glycoproteins. In the
Golgi complex, the glycans acquiremore complex structures and a new
set of functions. The divisionof synthesis and processing between the
ER and the Golgi complexrepresents an evolutionary adaptation that
allows efficient exploitationof the potential of oligosaccharides.
1 Institute of Biochemistry,
2 Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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