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Science 21 November 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5342, pp. 1435 - 1438
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5342.1435
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Reports

Direct Measurement of the Current-Phase Relation of a Superfluid 3He-B Weak Link

S. Backhaus, S. V. Pereverzev, * A. Loshak, J. C. Davis, R. E. Packard

Direct measurements of the current-phase relation, I versus Delta phi , for a weak link coupling two reservoirs of B-phase superfluid helium-3 (3He-B) were made over a wide range of temperatures. The weak link consists of a square array of 100-nanometer-diameter apertures. For temperatures T such that T/Tc >= 0.6 (where Tc is the superfluid transition temperature), I prop  sin(Delta phi ). At lower temperatures, I(Delta phi ) approaches a straight line. Several remarkable phenomena heretofore inaccessible to superconducting Josephson junctions, including direct observation of quantum oscillations and continuous knowledge of Delta phi , were also observed.

Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
*   Permanent address: Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)