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Science 15 October 2004:
Vol. 306. no. 5695, pp. 441 - 443
DOI: 10.1126/science.1105144
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Viewpoint

Language and the Origin of Numerical Concepts

Rochel Gelman* and C. R. Gallistel*

Reports of research with the Pirahã and Mundurukú Amazonian Indians of Brazil lend themselves to discussions of the role of language in the origin of numerical concepts. The research findings indicate that, whether or not humans have an extensive counting list, they share with nonverbal animals a language-independent representation of number, with limited, scale-invariant precision. What causal role, then, does knowledge of the language of counting serve? We consider the strong Whorfian proposal, that of linguistic determinism; the weak Whorfian hypothesis, that language influences how we think; and that the "language of thought" maps to spoken language or symbol systems.

Psychology and Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854. USA.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rgelman{at}ruccs.rutgers.edu (R.G.); Galliste{at}ruccs.rutgers.edu (C.R.G.)

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)