Regulation of NF-
B-Dependent Lymphocyte Activation and Development by Paracaspase
Astrid A. Ruefli-Brasse,1
Dorothy M. French,2
Vishva M. Dixit1*
Paracaspase (MALT1), a member of an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of caspase-like proteins, has been shown to bind and colocalize with the protein Bcl10 in vitro and, because of this association, has been suggested to be involved in the CARMA1-Bcl10 pathway of antigen-induced nuclear factor
B (NF-
B) activation. We demonstrate that primary T and B lymphocytes from paracaspase-deficient mice are defective in antigen-receptorinduced NF-
B activation, cytokine production, and proliferation. Paracaspase acts downstream of Bcl10 to induce NF-
B activation and is required for the normal development of B cells, indicating that paracaspase provides the missing link between Bcl10 and activation of the I
B kinase complex.
1 Molecular Oncology Department, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
2 Pathology Department, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dixit{at}gene.com