Hervé Tettelin,1
Karen E. Nelson,1
Ian T. Paulsen,12
Jonathan A. Eisen,12
Timothy D. Read,1
Scott Peterson,13
John Heidelberg,1
Robert T. DeBoy,1
Daniel H. Haft,1
Robert J. Dodson,1
A. Scott Durkin,1
Michelle Gwinn,1
James F. Kolonay,1
William C. Nelson,1
Jeremy D. Peterson,1
Lowell A. Umayam,1
Owen White,1
Steven L. Salzberg,14
Matthew R. Lewis,1
Diana Radune,1
Erik Holtzapple,1
Hoda Khouri,1
Alex M. Wolf,1
Terry R. Utterback,1
Cheryl L. Hansen,1
Lisa A. McDonald,1
Tamara V. Feldblyum,1
Samuel Angiuoli,1
Tanja Dickinson,1
Erin K. Hickey,1
Ingeborg E. Holt,1
Brendan J. Loftus,1
Fan Yang,1
Hamilton O. Smith,1*
J. Craig Venter,1*
Brian A. Dougherty,5
Donald A. Morrison,6
Susan K. Hollingshead,7
Claire M. Fraser13
The 2,160,837-base pair genome sequence of an isolate
of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive pathogen that
causes pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, and otitis media, contains
2236 predicted coding regions; of these, 1440 (64%) were assigned a
biological role. Approximately 5% of the genome is composed of
insertion sequences that may contribute to genome rearrangements
through uptake of foreign DNA. Extracellular enzyme systems for the
metabolism of polysaccharides and hexosamines provide a substantial
source of carbon and nitrogen for S. pneumoniae and also
damage host tissues and facilitate colonization. A motif identified
within the signal peptide of proteins is potentially involved in
targeting these proteins to the cell surface of low-guanine/cytosine
(GC) Gram-positive species. Several surface-exposed proteins that may serve as potential vaccine candidates were identified. Comparative genome hybridization with DNA arrays revealed strain differences in
S. pneumoniae that could contribute to differences in
virulence and antigenicity.
1 The Institute for Genomic Research
(TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
2 Johns Hopkins University, Charles and 34th
Streets, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
3 George
Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street, NW, Washington,
DC 20037, USA.
4 Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
5 Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, 5 Research Parkway,
Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
6 University of Illinois
at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
7 University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th
Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
*
Present address: Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville,
MD 20850, USA.
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
cmfraser{at}tigr.org
