Pharmacological Reviews Get Tables of Contents delivered automatically
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Howlett, A. C.
Right arrow Articles by Pertwee, R. G.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Howlett, A. C.
Right arrow Articles by Pertwee, R. G.

Vol. 54, Issue 2, 161-202, June 2002

International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors

A. C. Howlett, F. Barth, T. I. Bonner, G. Cabral, P. Casellas, W. A. Devane, C. C. Felder, M. Herkenham, K. Mackie, B. R. Martin, R. Mechoulam and R. G. Pertwee

Sanofi-Synthelabo Recherche, Montpellier, Cedex, France (F.B., P.C.); Laboratory of Genetics (T.I.B.) and Section on Functional Neuroanatomy (M.H.), National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology (G.C.) and Pharmacology and Toxicology (W.A.D., B.R.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd., Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, Surrey, United Kingdom (C.C.F.); Neuroscience of Drug Abuse Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina (A.H.); Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (K.M.); Department of Natural Products, Hebrew University, Medical Faculty, El Kerem Campus, Jerusalem, Israel (R.M.); and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom (R.G.P.)

I. Introduction: Overview of the Cannabinoid Receptors
II. Classification of Ligands That Bind to Cannabinoid Receptors
    A. Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
        1. Classical Cannabinoids.
        2. Nonclassical Cannabinoids.
        3. Aminoalkylindoles.
        4. Eicosanoids.
    B. Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists/Inverse Agonists
        1. Diarylpyrazoles.
        2. Other Chemical Series.
III. Bioassay
    A. In Vivo Bioassay Systems
        1. Introduction.
        2. Dog Static Ataxia.
        3. Overt Behavior in Monkeys.
        4. Rat Drug Discrimination.
        5. Monkey Drug Discrimination.
        6. Mouse Tetrad Model.
        7. Memory Models.
        8. Human Assays.
    B. In Vitro Bioassay Systems
        1. Binding Assays.
        2. Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Production.
        3. [35S]Guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) Binding Assay.
        4. Inhibition of Electrically Evoked Contractions of Isolated Smooth Muscle Preparations.
    C. Practical Difficulties
IV. Cellular Signal Transduction
    A. Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclase
    B. Regulation of Ion Channels
        1. Ion Channel Modulation by Protein Kinase A.
        2. K+ Channel Activation.
        3. Inhibition of Voltage-Gated L, N, P, and Q Ca2+ Channels.
    C. Regulation of Intracellular Ca2+ Transients
    D. Regulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase, and Ceramide Metabolism
        1. Signal Transduction via Focal Adhesion Kinase.
        2. Signal Transduction via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase.
        3. Signal Transduction via Ceramide.
    E. Immediate Early Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation
    F. Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase
V. Molecular Biology of Cannabinoid Receptors
VI. Cannabinoid Receptor Knockout Mice
VII. Tissue Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors
    A. Neuronal Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors
    B. Immune Distribution of Cannabinoid Receptors
VIII. Effects on Neurotransmission
IX. Immunological Effects
X. Anandamide Is a Vanilloid Receptor Agonist
XI. Preliminary Pharmacological Evidence for Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Receptors
    A. A Putative CB2-Like Cannabinoid Receptor
    B. A Putative SR141716A-Sensitive, Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor
    C. A Putative Receptor for Anandamide and R-(+)-WIN55212
    D. Other Putative Types of Mammalian Cannabinoid Receptor
XII. Conclusions
References

Two types of cannabinoid receptor have been discovered so far, CB1 (2.1: CBD:1:CB1:), cloned in 1990, and CB2 (2.1:CBD:2:CB2:), cloned in 1993. Distinction between these receptors is based on differences in their predicted amino acid sequence, signaling mechanisms, tissue distribution, and sensitivity to certain potent agonists and antagonists that show marked selectivity for one or the other receptor type. Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 exhibit 48% amino acid sequence identity. Both receptor types are coupled through G proteins to adenylyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. CB1 receptors are also coupled through G proteins to several types of calcium and potassium channels. These receptors exist primarily on central and peripheral neurons, one of their functions being to inhibit neurotransmitter release. Indeed, endogenous CB1 agonists probably serve as retrograde synaptic messengers. CB2 receptors are present mainly on immune cells. Such cells also express CB1 receptors, albeit to a lesser extent, with both receptor types exerting a broad spectrum of immune effects that includes modulation of cytokine release. Of several endogenous agonists for cannabinoid receptors identified thus far, the most notable are arachidonoylethanolamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and 2-arachidonylglyceryl ether. It is unclear whether these eicosanoid molecules are the only, or primary, endogenous agonists. Hence, we consider it premature to rename cannabinoid receptors after an endogenous agonist as is recommended by the International Union of Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. Although pharmacological evidence for the existence of additional types of cannabinoid receptor is emerging, other kinds of supporting evidence are still lacking.

0031-6997/02/5402-0161$07.00/0
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
Copyright © 2002 by U.S. Government


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 IOVSHome page
Y. F. Njie, Z. Qiao, Z. Xiao, W. Wang, and Z.-H. Song
N-arachidonylethanolamide-Induced Increase in Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2008; 49(10): 4528 - 4534.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 IOVSHome page
M. Iribarne, V. Torbidoni, K. Julian, J. P. Prestifilippo, D. Sinha, V. Rettori, A. Berra, and A. M. Suburo
Cannabinoid Receptors in Conjunctival Epithelium: Identification and Functional Properties
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., October 1, 2008; 49(10): 4535 - 4544.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
G. Cacciola, T. Chioccarelli, K. Mackie, R. Meccariello, C. Ledent, S. Fasano, R. Pierantoni, and G. Cobellis
Expression of Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor During Rat Postnatal Testicular Development: Possible Involvement in Adult Leydig Cell Differentiation
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2008; 79(4): 758 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
J.-K. Chen, J. Chen, J. D. Imig, S. Wei, D. L. Hachey, J. S. Guthi, J. R. Falck, J. H. Capdevila, and R. C. Harris
Identification of Novel Endogenous Cytochrome P450 Arachidonate Metabolites with High Affinity for Cannabinoid Receptors
J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 2008; 283(36): 24514 - 24524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Drug Metab. Dispos.Home page
S. Takeda, K. Misawa, I. Yamamoto, and K. Watanabe
Cannabidiolic Acid as a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Component in Cannabis
Drug Metab. Dispos., September 1, 2008; 36(9): 1917 - 1921.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
P. W. Wacnik, K. M. Luhr, R. H. Hill, H.-G. Ljunggren, K. Kristensson, and M. Svensson
Cannabinoids Affect Dendritic Cell (DC) Potassium Channel Function and Modulate DC T Cell Stimulatory Capacity
J. Immunol., September 1, 2008; 181(5): 3057 - 3066.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
M. Duncan, A. Mouihate, K. Mackie, C. M. Keenan, N. E. Buckley, J. S. Davison, K. D. Patel, Q. J. Pittman, and K. A. Sharkey
Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the enteric nervous system modulate gastrointestinal contractility in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): G78 - G87.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
R. D. Hosking and J. P. Zajicek
Therapeutic potential of cannabis in pain medicine
Br. J. Anaesth., July 1, 2008; 101(1): 59 - 68.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Lipid Res.Home page
F. Fezza, S. Oddi, M. Di Tommaso, C. De Simone, C. Rapino, N. Pasquariello, E. Dainese, A. Finazzi-Agro, and M. Maccarrone
Characterization of biotin-anandamide, a novel tool for the visualization of anandamide accumulation
J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2008; 49(6): 1216 - 1223.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
D. Zheng, A. M. Bode, Q. Zhao, Y.-Y. Cho, F. Zhu, W.-Y. Ma, and Z. Dong
The Cannabinoid Receptors Are Required for Ultraviolet-Induced Inflammation and Skin Cancer Development
Cancer Res., May 15, 2008; 68(10): 3992 - 3998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
M. Waldeck-Weiermair, C. Zoratti, K. Osibow, N. Balenga, E. Goessnitzer, M. Waldhoer, R. Malli, and W. F. Graier
Integrin clustering enables anandamide-induced Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells via GPR55 by protection against CB1-receptor-triggered repression
J. Cell Sci., May 15, 2008; 121(10): 1704 - 1717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. R. Pazos, R. M. Tolon, C. Benito, C. F. Rodriguez, J. J. Gorgojo, M. Nevado, M. Alvarez, F. Arias, F. Almodovar, M. T. P. Fernandez, et al.
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed by Parietal Cells of the Human Gastric Mucosa
J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2008; 56(5): 511 - 516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
A. Kapur, P. Samaniego, G. A. Thakur, A. Makriyannis, and M. E. Abood
Mapping the Structural Requirements in the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Transmembrane Helix II for Signal Transduction
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2008; 325(1): 341 - 348.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
C. Blazquez, M. Salazar, A. Carracedo, M. Lorente, A. Egia, L. Gonzalez-Feria, A. Haro, G. Velasco, and M. Guzman
Cannabinoids Inhibit Glioma Cell Invasion by Down-regulating Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression
Cancer Res., March 15, 2008; 68(6): 1945 - 1952.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
C. Borner, A. Bedini, V. Hollt, and J. Kraus
Analysis of Promoter Regions Regulating Basal and Interleukin-4-Inducible Expression of the Human CB1 Receptor Gene in T Lymphocytes
Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2008; 73(3): 1013 - 1019.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur Heart J SupplHome page
R. W. Nesto and K. Mackie
Endocannabinoid system and its implications for obesity and cardiometabolic risk
Eur. Heart J. Suppl., March 1, 2008; 10(suppl_B): B34 - B41.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
D. L. McKinney, M. P. Cassidy, L. M. Collier, B. R. Martin, J. L. Wiley, D. E. Selley, and L. J. Sim-Selley
Dose-Related Differences in the Regional Pattern of Cannabinoid Receptor Adaptation and in Vivo Tolerance Development to {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2008; 324(2): 664 - 673.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
M. Oz, K.-H. Yang, M. Dinc, and T. S. Shippenberg
The Endogenous Cannabinoid Anandamide Inhibits Cromakalim-Activated K+ Currents in Follicle-Enclosed Xenopus Oocytes
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2007; 323(2): 547 - 554.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
C. E. Spivak, C. R. Lupica, and M. Oz
The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Inhibits the Function of {alpha}4beta2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2007; 72(4): 1024 - 1032.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
S. Anavi-Goffer, D. Fleischer, D. P. Hurst, D. L. Lynch, J. Barnett-Norris, S. Shi, D. L. Lewis, S. Mukhopadhyay, A. C. Howlett, P. H. Reggio, et al.
Helix 8 Leu in the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Contributes to Selective Signal Transduction Mechanisms
J. Biol. Chem., August 24, 2007; 282(34): 25100 - 25113.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
T. Esfandyari, M. Camilleri, I. Busciglio, D. Burton, K. Baxter, and A. R. Zinsmeister
Effects of a cannabinoid receptor agonist on colonic motor and sensory functions in humans: a randomized, placebo-controlled study
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): G137 - G145.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
L. McCollum, A. C. Howlett, and S. Mukhopadhyay
Anandamide-Mediated CB1/CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor-Independent Nitric Oxide Production in Rabbit Aortic Endothelial Cells
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2007; 321(3): 930 - 937.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
T. M. Fong, X.-M. Guan, D. J. Marsh, C.-P. Shen, D. S. Stribling, K. M. Rosko, J. Lao, H. Yu, Y. Feng, J. C. Xiao, et al.
Antiobesity Efficacy of a Novel Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inverse Agonist, N-[(1S,2S)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-methylpropyl]-2-methyl-2-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}propanamide (MK-0364), in Rodents
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2007; 321(3): 1013 - 1022.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
E. D. Giudice, L. Rinaldi, M. Passarotto, F. Facchinetti, A. D'Arrigo, A. Guiotto, M. D. Carbonare, L. Battistin, and A. Leon
Cannabidiol, unlike synthetic cannabinoids, triggers activation of RBL-2H3 mast cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., June 1, 2007; 81(6): 1512 - 1522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
A. Kapur, D. P. Hurst, D. Fleischer, R. Whitnell, G. A. Thakur, A. Makriyannis, P. H. Reggio, and M. E. Abood
Mutation Studies of Ser7.39 and Ser2.60 in the Human CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor: Evidence for a Serine-Induced Bend in CB1 Transmembrane Helix 7
Mol. Pharmacol., June 1, 2007; 71(6): 1512 - 1524.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
E. Sanchez-Pastor, X. Trujillo, M. Huerta, and F. Andrade
Effects of Cannabinoids on Synaptic Transmission in the Frog Neuromuscular Junction
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., May 1, 2007; 321(2): 439 - 445.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
Y. Hashimotodani, T. Ohno-Shosaku, and M. Kano
Endocannabinoids and Synaptic Function in the CNS
Neuroscientist, April 1, 2007; 13(2): 127 - 137.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
M. Solinas, G. Tanda, Z. Justinova, C. E. Wertheim, S. Yasar, D. Piomelli, S. K. Vadivel, A. Makriyannis, and S. R. Goldberg
The Endogenous Cannabinoid Anandamide Produces {delta}-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-Like Discriminative and Neurochemical Effects That Are Enhanced by Inhibition of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase but Not by Inhibition of Anandamide Transport
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., April 1, 2007; 321(1): 370 - 380.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. Cota, M.-A. Steiner, G. Marsicano, C. Cervino, J. P. Herman, Y. Grubler, J. Stalla, R. Pasquali, B. Lutz, G. K. Stalla, et al.
Requirement of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 for the Basal Modulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function
Endocrinology, April 1, 2007; 148(4): 1574 - 1581.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
G. Turu, A. Simon, P. Gyombolai, L. Szidonya, G. Bagdy, Z. Lenkei, and L. Hunyady
The Role of Diacylglycerol Lipase in Constitutive and Angiotensin AT1 Receptor-stimulated Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Activity
J. Biol. Chem., March 16, 2007; 282(11): 7753 - 7757.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. Rossi, V. Gasperi, R. Paro, D. Barsacchi, S. Cecconi, and M. Maccarrone
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Activates Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase by Protein Kinase A and Aromatase-Dependent Pathways in Mouse Primary Sertoli Cells
Endocrinology, March 1, 2007; 148(3): 1431 - 1439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
L. Martini, M. Waldhoer, M. Pusch, V. Kharazia, J. Fong, J. H. Lee, C. Freissmuth, and J. L. Whistler
Ligand-induced down-regulation of the cannabinoid 1 receptor is mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein GASP1
FASEB J, March 1, 2007; 21(3): 802 - 811.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
C. Borner, V. Hollt, W. Sebald, and J. Kraus
Transcriptional regulation of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 gene in T cells by cannabinoids
J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 81(1): 336 - 343.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
M. D. Jhaveri, D. Richardson, D. A. Kendall, D. A. Barrett, and V. Chapman
Analgesic Effects of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibition in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain
J. Neurosci., December 20, 2006; 26(51): 13318 - 13327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
L. R. McMahon
Characterization of Cannabinoid Agonists and Apparent pA2 Analysis of Cannabinoid Antagonists in Rhesus Monkeys Discriminating {Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2006; 319(3): 1211 - 1218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
C. Blazquez, A. Carracedo, L. Barrado, P. J. Real, J. L. Fernandez-Luna, G. Velasco, M. Malumbres, and M. Guzman
Cannabinoid receptors as novel targets for the treatment of melanoma
FASEB J, December 1, 2006; 20(14): 2633 - 2635.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
B. Szabo, M. J. Urbanski, T. Bisogno, V. D. Marzo, A. Mendiguren, W. U. Baer, and I. Freiman
Depolarization-induced retrograde synaptic inhibition in the mouse cerebellar cortex is mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol
J. Physiol., November 15, 2006; 577(1): 263 - 280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
J. Palazuelos, T. Aguado, A. Egia, R. Mechoulam, M. Guzman, and I. Galve-Roperh
Non-psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation
FASEB J, November 1, 2006; 20(13): 2405 - 2407.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
K. Gustafsson, B. Christensson, B. Sander, and J. Flygare
Cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated Apoptosis Induced by R(+)-Methanandamide and Win55,212-2 Is Associated with Ceramide Accumulation and p38 Activation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2006; 70(5): 1612 - 1620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Bari, P. Spagnuolo, F. Fezza, S. Oddi, N. Pasquariello, A. Finazzi-Agro, and M. Maccarrone
Effect of Lipid Rafts on Cb2 Receptor Signaling and 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol Metabolism in Human Immune Cells
J. Immunol., October 15, 2006; 177(8): 4971 - 4980.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
A. G. Horti, H. Fan, H. Kuwabara, J. Hilton, H. T. Ravert, D. P. Holt, M. Alexander, A. Kumar, A. Rahmim, U. Scheffel, et al.
11C-JHU75528: A Radiotracer for PET Imaging of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors
J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2006; 47(10): 1689 - 1696.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
D. Roosterman, T. Goerge, S. W. Schneider, N. W. Bunnett, and M. Steinhoff
Neuronal control of skin function: the skin as a neuroimmunoendocrine organ.
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2006; 86(4): 1309 - 1379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
W. Gonsiorek, D. Hesk, S.-C. Chen, D. Kinsley, J. S. Fine, J. V. Jackson, L. A. Bober, G. Deno, H. Bian, J. Fossetta, et al.
Characterization of Peripheral Human Cannabinoid Receptor (hCB2) Expression and Pharmacology Using a Novel Radioligand, [35S]Sch225336
J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2006; 281(38): 28143 - 28151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
I. Freiman, A. Anton, H. Monyer, M. J. Urbanski, and B. Szabo
Analysis of the effects of cannabinoids on identified synaptic connections in the caudate-putamen by paired recordings in transgenic mice
J. Physiol., September 15, 2006; 575(3): 789 - 806.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurophysiol.Home page
A. Fisyunov, V. Tsintsadze, R. Min, N. Burnashev, and N. Lozovaya
Cannabinoids Modulate the P-Type High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Currents in Purkinje Neurons
J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1267 - 1277.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
P. Pacher, S. Batkai, and G. Kunos
The Endocannabinoid System as an Emerging Target of Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2006; 58(3): 389 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J PsychopharmacolHome page
M. V. Madsen, L. Peacock, T. Werge, and M. B. Andersen
Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist CP55,940 and antagonist SR141716A on d-amphetamine-induced behaviours in Cebusmonkeys
J Psychopharmacol, September 1, 2006; 20(5): 622 - 628.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
Y. Kishimoto and M. Kano
Endogenous Cannabinoid Signaling through the CB1 Receptor Is Essential for Cerebellum-Dependent Discrete Motor Learning.
J. Neurosci., August 23, 2006; 26(34): 8829 - 8837.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
H. Wang, S. K. Dey, and M. Maccarrone
Jekyll and Hyde: Two Faces of Cannabinoid Signaling in Male and Female Fertility
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2006; 27(5): 427 - 448.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
M. M. Caffarel, D. Sarrio, J. Palacios, M. Guzman, and C. Sanchez
{Delta}9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Human Breast Cancer Cells through Cdc2 Regulation.
Cancer Res., July 1, 2006; 66(13): 6615 - 6621.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
A. Carracedo, M. Gironella, M. Lorente, S. Garcia, M. Guzman, G. Velasco, and J. L. Iovanna
Cannabinoids Induce Apoptosis of Pancreatic Tumor Cells via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Genes.
Cancer Res., July 1, 2006; 66(13): 6748 - 6755.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
S. W. Paugh, M. P. Cassidy, H. He, S. Milstien, L. J. Sim-Selley, S. Spiegel, and D. E. Selley
Sphingosine and Its Analog, the Immunosuppressant 2-Amino-2-(2-[4-octylphenyl]ethyl)-1,3-propanediol, Interact with the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor
Mol. Pharmacol., July 1, 2006; 70(1): 41 - 50.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
G. Cobellis, G. Cacciola, D. Scarpa, R. Meccariello, R. Chianese, M. F. Franzoni, K. Mackie, R. Pierantoni, and S. Fasano
Endocannabinoid System in Frog and Rodent Testis: Type-1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Activity in Male Germ Cells
Biol Reprod, July 1, 2006; 75(1): 82 - 89.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Interv.Home page
C. C. Felder, A. K. Dickason-Chesterfield, and S. A. Moore
Cannabinoids Biology: The Search for New Therapeutic Targets
Mol. Interv., June 1, 2006; 6(3): 149 - 161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
E. J. Carrier, J. A. Auchampach, and C. J. Hillard
Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: A mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression
PNAS, May 16, 2006; 103(20): 7895 - 7900.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
T. Yoshida, M. Fukaya, M. Uchigashima, E. Miura, H. Kamiya, M. Kano, and M. Watanabe
Localization of diacylglycerol lipase-alpha around postsynaptic spine suggests close proximity between production site of an endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl