Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mathematical Modeling of the Human Body During Water Replacement and Dehydration: Body Water Changes

  • Published:
Annals of Biomedical Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A model of the human body that integrates the variables involved in temperature regulation and blood gas transport within the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is presented here. It expands upon previous work to describe the competition between skin and muscles when both require increased blood flows during exercise and/or heat stress. First, a detailed study of the control relations used to predict skin blood flow was undertaken. Four other control relations employed in the model were also examined and modified as indicated by empirical results found in literature. Internal responses to exercise and/or heat stress can affect both thermoregulation and the cardiorespiratory system. Dehydration was studied in addition to complete water replacement during similar environmental and exercise situations. Control relations for skin blood flow and evaporative heat loss were modified and a water balance was added to study how the loss of water through sweat can be limiting. Runoff from sweating as a function of relative humidity was introduced along with evaporation, and these results were compared to data to validate the model. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society.

PAC00: 8719Pp, 8719Uv, 8719Ff, 8710+e

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Astrand, P. O., and K. Rodahl. Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases of Exercise, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book, 1977, p. 529.

  2. Brobeck, J. T. Energy exchange. In: Medical Physiology, 13th ed., edited by V. B. Mountcastle. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1974, pp. 1237–1252.

  3. Comroe, J. H., R. E. Forster, A. B. Dubois, W. A. Briscoe, and E. Carlsen. The Lung, 2nd ed., Chicago: Year Book, 1963, p. 154.

  4. Downey, D. D. A Coupled Model of the Cardiorespiratory and Thermoregulatory Systems. MS Thesis, Iowa State University, 1996.

  5. Downey, D. D. Development of a Coupled Model of the Cardiorespiratory and Thermoregulatory Systems, PhD Thesis, Iowa State University, 1998.

  6. Duffin, J.A mathematical model of the chemoreflex control of ventilation. Respir. Physiol.15:277-301, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Felder, R. M., and R. W. Rousseau. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley Series in Chemical Engineering, 1986, pp. 232–235.

  8. Hortsman, D. H., and S. M. Horvath. Cardiovascular and temperature regulatory changes during progressive dehydration and euhydration. J. Appl. Physiol.33(4):446-50, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kelman, R. G. Digital computer subroutine for the conversion of oxygen tension into saturation. J. Appl. Physiol.21(4):1375-1376, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Meade, F.Correspondence to proceedings of the anaesthetic research society London Hospital meeting: April 14, 1972, abstracts of work completed and in progress. Br. J. Anaesth.44:630, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mitchell, D., L. C. Senay, C. H. Wyndham, A. J. Van Rensburg, G. G. Rogers, and N. B. Strydom. Acclimatization in a hot, humid environment: energy exchange, body temperature, and sweating. J. Appl. Physiol.40(5):768-778, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mitchell, J. W. Energy exchanges during exercise. In: Problems with Temperature Regulation During Exercise, edited by E. R. Nadel. New York: Academic, 1977, pp. 11–26.

  13. Nadel, E. R., J. W. Mitchell, and J. A. J. Stolwijk. Control of local and total sweating during exercise transients. Int. J. Biometeor.15(2–4):201-206, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rowell, L. B.Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiol. Rev.54(1):75-159, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Rowell, L. B. Human Circulation Regulation During Physical Stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

  16. Saltin, B., A. P. Gagge, and J. A. J. Stolwijk. Muscle temperature during submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol.25(6):679-688, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Seagrave, R. C. Biomedical Applications of Heat and Mass Transfer. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1971.

  18. Senay, L. C.Plasma volumes and constituents of heat-exposed men before and after acclimatization. J. Appl. Physiol.38(4):570-575, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stolwijk, J. A. J., B. Saltin, and A. P. Gagge. Physiological factors associated with sweating during exercise. Aerosp. Med.39:1101-1105, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Thomas, L. J.Algorithms for selected blood acid-base and blood gas calculations. J. Appl. Physiol.33(1):154-158, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wills, N., M. C. C. Clapham, and W. W. Mapleson, Additional blood gas variables for the rational control of oxygen therapy with allowance for shifts of the oxygen dissociation curve. Br. J. Anaesth.59:1160-1170, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Dawn Downey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard C. Seagrave
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Downey, D., Seagrave, R.C. Mathematical Modeling of the Human Body During Water Replacement and Dehydration: Body Water Changes. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 28, 278–290 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1114/1.267

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1114/1.267

Search

Navigation