© 1990 by London Mathematical Society
Symmetric and Symmetrisable Differential Expressions
Department of Mathematics, Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-3900, U.S.A.
Department of Mathematics, The University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH
Received 30 September 1988.
In 1960, H. L. Krall showed that every formally symmetric differential expression with sufficiently smooth real-valued coefficients can be written in the form:
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where the B2i are the Bernoulli numbers. Based on this formula, Littlejohn found necessary and sufficient conditions on when an even-order real differential expression L[·] possesses a symmetry factor, i.e. a function f(x) such that fL[·] is formally symmetric. In this paper, the authors generalize the work of both Krall and Littlejohn to differential expressions of arbitrary order with complexvalued coefficients.
