Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun. 2008, 56(5), 255-262 | DOI: 10.11118/actaun200856050255

Vliv microcystinů na změny biochemických parametrů u ryb

Jana Hlávková1,2, Ondřej Adamovský1, Radovan Kopp1,2
1 Centrum pro cyanobakterie a jejich toxiny (Botanický ústav Akademie věd; RECETOX, Masarykova univerzita), Kamenice 3, 625 00 Brno, Česká republika
2 Ústav zoologie, rybářství, hydrobiologie a včelařství, Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, 613 00 Brno, Česká republika

V uvedené práci byla sledována odezva biochemických markerů u ryb na toxické působení cyanobakteriálních toxinů (microcystinů). Mezi nejsledovanější biomarkery vlivu cyanobacteriálních toxinů paří parametry oxidativního stresu - glutation S-transferáza (GST), neenzymatický antioxidant glutation (GSH), superoxid dismutáza (SOD), kataláza (CAT), glutation peroxidáza (GPx), lipidová peroxidace (LPO), malondialdehyd (MDA), glutation reduktáza (GR), parametry krve - hodnota hemoglobinu (Hb), hematokryt (PCV), střední barevná koncentrace (MCHC), střední objem erytrocytu (MCV), střední obsah hemoglobinu erytrocytu (MCH), počet erytrocytů (RBC) počet leukocytů (WBC), parametry krevní plazmy - alanin aminotransferáza (ALT), aspartát aminotransferáza (AST), laktát dehydrogenáza (LDH), alkalická fosfatáza (ALP), cholinesteráza (CHE), celkové bílkoviny (TP), glukóza (GLU), laktát (LACT), železo (Fe), vápník (Ca), hořčík (Mg), celkový bilirubin (BIL), fosfor (P) a aktivita protein fosfatáz (PP1, PP2A).
Biochemické parametry krve a plazmy u ryb jsou ovlivněny mnoha endogenními i exogenními faktory. Mezi nejsledovanější parametry patří enzymy krevní plazmy (ALT, AST and LDH), které výrazně zvyšují svoji aktivitu po intraperitoneální nebo perorální aplikaci microcystinů rybám. Toxický účinek sinic na ryby v přírodním prostředí je výrazně nižší než po přímé aplikaci toxinu do rybího organismu a změny v aktivitě enzymů u těchto přírodních experimentů jsou většinou neprůkazné. Na významu pak nabývají další parametry krevní plazmy indikující negativní působení sinic (elektrolyty, laktát, glukóza, albumin, cholesterol aj.).
Toxické metabolity sinic vyvolávají oxidativní stres a sledování změn vhodných biomarkerů lze dobře využít také u ryb k časné indikaci poškození organismu v důsledku expozice toxickým sinicím. Je zřejmá silná časová závislost modulace detoxikačních pochodů při vystavení ryb vlivu microcystinů. V závislosti na délce expozice tak lze vysledovat nárůst i pokles aktivity jednotlivých biomarkerů oxidativního stresu způsobený stimulací nebo inhibicí protektivních procesů. Výrazné rozdíly lze v závislosti na intenzitě detoxifikačních pochodů vysledovat i u různých orgánů ryb, rovněž tak jsou nalézány výrazné rozdíly mezi jednotlivými druhy ryb.

ryby, microcystiny, biomarkery, oxidativní stres

Biochemical indices are modulated in fish exposed to cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins)

In this work were summarized changes of biochemical markers of fish under the thumb of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins). Among the most studied biomarkers of the influence of cyanobacterial toxins on fish belong oxidative stress parameters - glutathione S-transferase (GST), non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutatione reductase (GR), parameters of blood - values of haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), erythrocyte (RBC), leukocyte counts (WBC) and plasma - alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (CHE), total serum protein (TP), glucose (GLU), lactate (LACT), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total bilirubin (BIL), phosphorus (P) and protein phosphatase activities (PP1, PP2A).

Keywords: fish, microcystins, biomarkers, oxidative stress
Grants and funding:

This work was supported by the National Agency for Agricultural Research (QH71015) and by the Research plan No. MSM6215648905 "Biological and technological aspects of sustainability of controlled ecosystems and their adaptability to climate change", which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic.

Received: May 6, 2008; Published: November 3, 2014  Show citation

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Hlávková, J., Adamovský, O., & Kopp, R. (2008). Biochemical indices are modulated in fish exposed to cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins). Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 56(5), 255-262. doi: 10.11118/actaun200856050255
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