Immunological Reviews

Immunological Reviews

Volume 208 Issue 1 Page 228-251, December 2005

To cite this article: Nicole C. Walsh, Tania N. Crotti, Steven R. Goldring, Ellen M. Gravallese (2005) Rheumatic diseases: the effects of inflammation on bone
Immunological Reviews 208 (1) , 228–251 doi:10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00338.x

Abstract

Rheumatic diseases: the effects of inflammation on bone

  • 1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
*Ellen M. Gravallese, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Institutes of Medicine
Room 241, 4 Blackfan Circle
Boston, MA 02115
USA
Tel.: +1 617 667 0717
Fax: +1 617 975 5299
E-mail: egravall@bidmc.harvard.edu

Abstract

Summary: 

 
Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies including psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are all examples of rheumatic diseases in which inflammation is associated with skeletal pathology. Although some of the mechanisms of skeletal remodeling are shared among these diseases, each disease has a unique impact on articular bone or on the axial or appendicular skeleton. Studies in human disease and in animal models of arthritis have identified the osteoclast as the predominant cell type mediating bone loss in arthritis. Many of the cytokines and growth factors implicated in the inflammatory processes in rheumatic diseases have also been demonstrated to impact osteoclast differentiation and function either directly, by acting on cells of the osteoclast-lineage, or indirectly, by acting on other cell types to modulate expression of the key osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF) κB ligand (RANKL) and/or its inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Further elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for inflammation-induced bone loss will potentially lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of bone loss in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell types, inflammatory mediators, and mechanisms that are implicated in bone loss and new bone formation in inflammatory joint diseases.

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