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Camcorder Capture Robust Low-Complexity Watermarking of MPEG-2 Bit-Streams
Celik, M.; Talstra, J.; Lemma, A.; Katzenbeisser, S.;
Image Processing, 2007. ICIP 2007. IEEE International Conference on
Volume 5,
Sept. 16 2007-Oct. 19 2007
Page(s):V - 489
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V - 492
Abstract:
Unauthorized re-distribution remains a significant threat for emerging electronic movie distribution services. In this paper, we propose a forensic tracking watermark for MPEG-2 bit-streams that can be employed to complement Digital Rights Management and conditional access systems in electronic movie distribution. The watermark is embedded by modulating a subset of quantization matrix entries, which are periodically present in the MPEG-2 headers. When observed over time the watermark can be detected even after cropping, de-interlacing, resizing and DivX compression at 300 kbps or after being captured with a video camera from a flat-screen TV. As the method modifies only a small part of the bit-stream (ap100 bytes per second), it can be readily implemented in resource constrained environments like the current generation set-top boxes, without costly hardware upgrades.
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