The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from an analysis of ${\nu }_e$ appearance data from $12.84\times {10}^{20}$ protons on target in neutrino mode, an increase of approximately a factor of 2 over previously reported results. A ${\nu }_e$ charged-current quasielastic event excess of $381.2\pm 85.2$ events ($4.5\sigma$) is observed in the energy range $200<E_{\nu }^{\mathrm{QE}}<1250\mathrm{MeV}$. Combining these data with the ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ appearance data from $11.27\times {10}^{20}$ protons on target in antineutrino mode, a total ${\nu }_e$ plus ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ charged-current quasielastic event excess of $460.5\pm 99.0$ events ($4.7\sigma$) is observed. If interpreted in a two-neutrino oscillation model, ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$, the best oscillation fit to the excess has a probability of 21.1%, while the background-only fit has a ${\chi }^2$ probability of $6\times {10}^{-7}$ relative to the best fit. The MiniBooNE data are consistent in energy and magnitude with the excess of events reported by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND), and the significance of the combined LSND and MiniBooNE excesses is $6.0\sigma$. A two-neutrino oscillation interpretation of the data would require at least four neutrino types and indicate physics beyond the three neutrino paradigm. Although the data are fit with a two-neutrino oscillation model, other models may provide better fits to the data.

• Received 30 May 2018
• Revised 28 September 2018

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.221801

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Published by the American Physical Society