We have derived the principles of energy extension in image reconstruction of electron-emission holography. We illustrate these principles with examples based on multiple-scattering simulations. The physical origins of small-window characteristics in forward-scattering and backscattering geometries are explained. We show that images reconstructed from backscattering holograms in the energy range 150–300 eV are split for the Ni(001) (1×1)-Cu system, and a method is introduced to remove this splitting. We provide a direct view of a system in which the adsorbate atom occupies an off-centered site. We discuss the energy range and optimal energy grid used in the small-window energy-extension process in the forward-scattering and backscattering geometries.

• Received 2 August 1991

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.46.4155