Figure 1

(a) Experimental apparatus. (b) Schematic representation. The X’s indicate the two channel arrays. A flexible metalized diaphragm ($D$) and a fixed electrode ($E$) are used to create pressure difference across the nanochannels. The diaphragm also forms the input element for a sensitive microphone based on superconducting electronics (not shown) to detect the mass current oscillation. A heater ($R$) and a thin Cu sheet ($S$) connected to the helium bath outside serve as a heat source and a temperature sink for one set of loops. $\Delta {\varphi }_h$ indicates the thermally driven phase shift. The interference path encloses an area characterized by three area vectors, ${\overrightarrow{A}}_1$, ${\overrightarrow{A}}_2$, and ${\overrightarrow{A}}_3$. The height of the apparatus is $\sim 9\mathrm{cm}$. (c) Simplified view of the interference loop.Reuse & Permissions

Figure 2

Measured mass current oscillation amplitude vs Sagnac phase shift induced by Earth’s rotation. $T_{\lambda }-T=6$, 5, 4, 3, and 2 mK (from the top).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 3

(a) Measured mass current oscillation amplitude vs $\Delta {\varphi }_h/2\pi$. (b) Four-turn interfering path. (c) Same measurement as (a) for a 2-turn interferometer. (d) Two-turn interfering path. For (a) and (c), $T_{\lambda }-T=6$, 5, 4, 3, and 2 mK (from the top).Reuse & Permissions

Figure 4

(a) Electrical analogue of the apparatus. (b) Simulated interference patterns vs $\Delta {\varphi }_{\mathrm{ext}}/2\pi$ for different $\alpha$’s.Reuse & Permissions