We estimate the relative probabilities of ${\Psi }^{\prime }(2S)$ to $J/\Psi$ production at BNL-RHIC and ${\rm Y}(nS)$ production at the LHC and Fermilab in $p\mathrm{\text{−}}p$ collisions, using our recent theory of mixed heavy-quark hybrids, in which the ${\Psi }^{\prime }(2S)$ and ${\rm Y}(3S)$ mesons have approximately equal normal $q\overline{q}$ and hybrid $q\overline{q}g$ components.

• Received 19 August 2011

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.84.114020