We show that the maximum and the minimum mass of merging neutron stars can be estimated with upcoming gravitational wave observations. We simulate populations of binary neutron star signals and model their mass distribution including upper and lower cutoffs. The lower (upper) limit can be measured to $\sim 0.2$ $(0.1)M_{\odot }$ with 50 detections if the mass distribution supports neutron stars with masses close to the cutoffs. The upper mass limit informs about the high-density properties of the neutron star equation of state, while the lower limit signals the divide between neutron stars and white dwarfs.

• Received 1 May 2020
• Accepted 20 August 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.064063