Background: The description of deuteron-induced inclusive reactions has been an important subject in direct nuclear reaction studies and nuclear data science. For proton-induced inclusive processes, the semiclassical distorted wave model (SCDW) is one of the most successful models based on quantum mechanics.

Purpose: We improve SCDW for deuteron-induced inclusive processes and clarify the importance of the proper treatment of the kinematics of the deuteron inside a nucleus.

Methods: The double differential cross section (DDX) of the inclusive deuteron-emission process $(d,d^{\prime }x)$ is described by one-step SCDW. The changes in the kinematics due to the distortion effect, the refraction effect, are taken into account by the local semiclassical approximation.

Results: The calculated DDXs of $(d,d^{\prime }x)$ reasonably reproduce experimental data in the small energy-transfer region and at forward and middle angles with some exceptions. The angular distributions of $(d,d^{\prime }x)$ are improved by including the refraction effect.

Conclusion: The proper treatment of the changes in the kinematics of the deuteron inside a nucleus is necessary in describing the ($d,d^{\prime }x$) reaction. The effect of the changes on the DDX of $(d,d^{\prime }x)$ is significant compared to on the proton-induced inclusive process $(p,p^{\prime }x)$ because of the stronger distortion effect on the deuteron.

• Received 6 March 2023
• Revised 3 July 2023
• Accepted 22 August 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.108.034603