We discuss (2+1)-dimensional gapless surface theories of bulk (3+1)-dimensional topological phases, such as the BF theory at level $\mathrm{K}$, and its generalization. In particular, we put these theories on a flat (2+1)-dimensional torus $T^3$ parameterized by its modular parameters, and compute the partition functions obeying various twisted boundary conditions. We show the partition functions are transformed into each other under $SL(3,\mathbb{Z})$ modular transformations, and furthermore establish the bulk-boundary correspondence in (3+1) dimensions by matching the modular $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ matrices computed from the boundary field theories with those computed in the bulk. We also propose the three-loop braiding statistics can be studied by constructing the modular $\mathcal{S}$ and $\mathcal{T}$ matrices from an appropriate boundary field theory.

• Received 15 November 2015
• Corrected 2 August 2016

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.94.045113