Abstract
The → and ⇄ energy transfers have been studied in both Tm-doped and (Tm,Ho)-doped indium-based fluoride glasses over a wide temperature range for several dopant concentrations. The regime of diffusion among the ions is clearly established and the cross-relaxation , has been proved and its efficiency calculated. The temperature dependence of the thermal equilibrium observed between the lowest excited states of and of ions in codoped glasses is explained in terms of the Boltzmann distribution of the state populations governed by efficient forward and backward energy transfers. When ions are excited in the level near 0.8 μm, it is shown that two cross-relaxation processes compete: one between ions and the other between and ions. Their efficiencies are shown to strongly depend on the relative Tm and Ho concentrations.
- Received 10 July 1989
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.41.5364
©1990 American Physical Society