The ground states of all atoms (through $Z=94)$ and their first and second ions have been calculated using the Kirschbaum-Wilets (KW) quasiclassical, many-body atomic model [Phys. Rev. A 21, 834 (1980)]. The present calculations allow the atoms to be in any spin state. The results essentially agree with previous calculations, done for atoms and their first ions with $Z=1\mathrm{}$ to 38 [Phys. Rev. A 51, 266 (1995)], which constrained the atoms to minimal-total-spin configurations $(S=0\mathrm{}$ or $\frac{1}{2}$). The KW model is shown to be similarly valid for the heavier atoms. However, it is found that a number of the heavier atoms and ions have KW ground states with nonminimal total spins $(S=1\mathrm{}$ or $\frac{3}{2}$).

• Received 7 October 1997

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.57.4964