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Telomerase abrogation dramatically accelerates TRF2-induced epithelial carcinogenesis

¹ Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; ² Animal Surgery and Medicine Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain

TRF2 is a telomere-binding protein with roles in telomere protection and telomere-length regulation. The fact that TRF2 is up-regulated in some human tumors suggests a role of TRF2 in cancer. Mice that overexpress TRF2 in the skin, K5TRF2 mice, show critically short telomeres and are susceptible to UV-induced carcinogenesis as a result of deregulated XPF/ERCC1 activity, a nuclease involved in UV damage repair. Here we demonstrate that, when in combination with telomerase deficiency, TRF2 acts as a very potent oncogene in vivo. In particular, we show that telomerase deficiency dramatically accelerates TRF2-induced epithelial carcinogenesis in K5TRF2/Terc^–/– mice, coinciding with increased chromosomal instability and DNA damage. Telomere recombination is also increased in these mice, suggesting that TRF2 favors the activation of alternative telomere maintenance mechanisms. Together, these results demonstrate that TRF2 increased expression is a potent oncogenic event that along with telomerase deficiency accelerates carcinogenesis, coincidental with a derepression of telomere recombination. These results are of particular relevance given that TRF2 is up-regulated in some human cancers. Furthermore, these data suggest that telomerase inhibition might not be effective to cease the growth of TRF2-overexpressing tumors.

[Keywords: TRF2; cancer; mouse models; recombination; telomerase; telomeres]

Received August 17, 2006; revised version accepted November 22, 2006.

⁴ Corresponding author.

E-MAIL mblasco{at}cnio.es; FAX 34-917328028.

Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

Article is online at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.406207

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