Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported awake/sleep bruxism, and orofacial pain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Methods Participants were recruited from a university-based Trauma Ambulatory. The diagnosis of PTSD was established through a clinical interview and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I/P). Thirty-eight PTSD patients and 38 controls completed the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis-II to categorize awake/sleep bruxism and orofacial pain. Following this, we performed a short clinical examination of the temporomandibular joint and extraoral muscles.
Results Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that awake bruxism was associated with PTSD (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.01-11.27, p = 0.047). Sleep bruxism was not associated with any covariate included in the model. In a Poisson regression model, PTSD (IRR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.38-6.55, p = 0.005) and the muscle pain/ discomfort (IRR = 5.12, 95% CI = 2.80-9.36, p < 0.001) were significant predictors for current orofacial pain.
Conclusions PTSD was associated with self-reported awake bruxism and low-intensity orofacial pain. These conditions were frequent outcomes in patients previously exposed to traumatic events.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Funding Statement
The Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP: 2015/00089-7) provided support for the STATA Statistics/Data Analysis Special Edition 15.1
Author Declarations
I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Yes
The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
This project was approved by the Ethical Committee and Research of the Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (IPq-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil (CAAE:33296714.7.0000.0068).
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Data Availability
All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors