1887

Abstract

Trehalose dimycolate (TDM) isolated from induced in mice a severely wasted condition known as cachexia. Intraperitoneal injection of mice with five 10 μg doses of TDM in mineral oil at intervals of 2 d killed 90% of the animals within 26 d. Death followed a precipitous weight loss and an inflammatory process in the peritoneal cavity. When mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single 10 μg dose of TDM, 48 h later, they had begun to lose weight and exhibited extreme hypertriglyceridaemia and hypoglycaemia. Tumour necrosis factor (or cachectin) was detected in the plasma from animals injected with TDM. This cytokine released by mononuclear phagocytes may be involved in the induction of cachexia by TDM.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-6-1629
1988-06-01
2024-04-30
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/134/6/mic-134-6-1629.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-6-1629&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Beisel W. R. 1972; Interrelated changes in host metabolism during generalized infectious illness. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25:1254–1260
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bekierkunst A., Levij I. S., Yarkoni E., Vilkas E., Lederer E. 1971; Suppression of urethan- induced lung adenomas in mice treated with trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (cord factor and living Bacillus Calmette Guerin). Science 174:1240
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beutler B., Cerami A. 1986; Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin. Nature; London: 320584–588
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bloch H. 1950; Studies on the virulence of tubercle bacilli. Isolation and biological properties of a constituent of virulent organisms. Journal of Experimental Medicine 91:197–217
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Carswell E. A., Old L. J., Kassel R. L., Green S., Fiori N., Williamson B. 1975; An endotoxininduced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72:3666–3670
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Dubois M., Gilles K. A., Hamilton J., Rebers P. A., Smith F. 1956; Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry 28:350–356
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Gallin J. I., Kaye D., O’Leary W. M. 1969; Serum lipids in infection. New England Journal of Medicine 281:1081–1086
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gamble J. R., Harlan J. M., Klebanoff S. J., Vadas M. A. 1986; Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 82:8667–8671
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Guy M. W. 1975; Serum and tissue fluid lipids in rabbits experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei. Transactions of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69:429
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ioneda T., Silva C. L. 1979; Isolation and partial characterization of esters of trehalose from Coryne- bacterium ovis(C. pseudotuberculosis). Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 23:63–68
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ioneda T., Lenz M., Pudles J. 1963; Chemical constitution of a glycolipid from Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 13:110–114
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kato M., Asselineau J. 1971; Chemical structure and biochemical activity of cord factor analogs: 6,6′- dimycoloylsucrose and methyl 6-mycoloyl-α-d-gluco-side. European Journal of Biochemistry 22:364–370
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Leclerc C., Lamensans A., Chedid L., Drapier J. C., Petit J. F., Wietzerbin J., Lederer E. 1976; Non-specific immunoprevention of L-1210 leukemia by cord factor (6,6-dimycolate of trehalose) administered in a metabolisable oil. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy 1:227–232
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Parant M., Parant F., Chedid L., Drapier J. C., Petit J. F., Wietzerbin J., Lederer E. 1977; Enhancement of non-specific immunity to bacterial infection by cord factor. Journal of Infectious Diseases 135:771–777
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Rouzer C. A., Cerami A. 1980; Hypertriglyceridemia associated with Trypanosoma bruceiinfection in rabbits: role of defective triglyceride removal. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 21:31–38
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ruff M. R., Gifford G. E. 1980; Purification and physico-chemical characterization of rabbit tumor necrosis factor. Journal of Immunology 125:1671–1677
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Silberstein D. S., David J. R. 1986; Tumor necrosis factor enhances eosinophil toxicity to Schistosoma mansoni larvae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 83:1055–1059
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Silva C. L. 1977a; Isolation and identification of menaquinone and acylglycerols in the acetone-soluble lipids from Nocardia rhodochrous. Revista de microbiologia 8:39–42
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Silva C. L., Ioneda T. 1977b; Purification and characterization of mononocardomycoloyl glycerol from Nocardia rhodochrous. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 20:217–222
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Silva C. L., Gesztesi J. L., Ioneda T. 1979; Trehalose mycolates from Nocardia asteroides, Nocardia farcinica, Gordona lentifragmentaand Gordona bronchialis. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 24:17–25
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Stewart-Tull D. E. S. 1983; Immunologically important constituents of mycobacteria: adjuvants. In The Biology of the Mycobacteria 22 pp. 3–84 Ratledge C., Stanford J. Edited by London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Stewart-Tull D. E. S. 1985; Immunopotentiating conjugates. Vaccine 3:40–44
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Taverne J., Dockrell H. M., Playfair J. H. L. 1981; Endotoxin-induced serum factor kills malaria parasites in vitro. Infection and Immunity 33:83–90
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Thomas D. W., Matida A. K., Silva C. L., Ioneda T. 1979; Esters of trehalose from Coryne bacterium diphtheriae : a modified purification procedure and studies on the structure of their constituent hydroxylated fatty acids. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 23:267–282
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Torti F. M., Dieckmann B., Beutler B., Cerami A., Ringold G. M. 1985; A macrophage factor inhibits adipocyte gene expression: an in vitro model of cachexia. Science 229:867–869
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Yarkoni E., Rapp H. J., Polonsky J., Lederer E. 1978; Immunotherapy with an intralesionally administered synthetic cord factor analogue. International Journal of Cancer 22:564–569
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-6-1629
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-134-6-1629
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error