1887

Abstract

The region of comprises a tricistronic operon, encoding enzymes that catalyse the late stages of menaquinone biosynthesis. The mutation is responsible for a severe growth defect; unsuppressed mutant cells grow as very short rods, which sometimes septate aberrantly. Cultures grow only to a low cell density, rapidly lose viability, and never sporulate. Unlinked suppressor mutations can restore near-normal growth. Several independent suppressed isolates were examined; all grew to normal cell length, but they showed, to varying extents, a residual defect in the placement of the cell division septum. The germination properties of the suppressed derivatives varied from normal to significantly slow in germination in all germinants; therefore, the combination of the mutation and different suppressor alleles resulted in spores with very different germination properties. This suggests that any relationship between the gene products and spore germination is indirect. The mutation maps in a gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the heptaprenyl-diphosphate synthase, which is responsible for formation of the isoprenoid side chain of menaquinone-7, and it is proposed that the and genes be renamed and , respectively.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-8-2125
1998-08-01
2024-04-24
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/144/8/mic-144-8-2125.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-8-2125&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anagnostopoulos C., Spizizen J. 1961; Requirements for transformation in Bacillus subtilis. . J Bacteriol 81:741–746
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Farrand S.K., Taber H.W. 1973; Pleiotropic menaquinone- deficient mutant of Bacillus subtilis. . J Bacteriol 115:1021–1034
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Gollnick P., Ishino S., Kuroda M.I., Henner D., Yanofsky C. 1990; The mtr locus is a two-gene operon required for transcription attenuation in the trp operon of Bacillus subtilis. . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:8726–8730
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Karnovsky M.L. 1966; A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolality for use in electron microscopy.. Cell Biol 27: 137A
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Koike-Takeshita A., Koyama T., Obata S., Ogura K. 1995; Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequences of the genes for two essential proteins constituting a novel enzyme system for heptaprenyl diphosphate synthesis. . J Biol Chem 270:18396–18400
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Koike-Takeshita A., Koyama T., Ogura K. 1997; Identification of a novel gene cluster participating in menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis. Cloning and sequence determination of the 2- heptaprenyl-l,4-naphthaquinone methyltransferase gene of Bacillus stearotbermophilus. . J Biol Chem 272:12380–12383
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Leatherbarrow A. J. H. 1994; Characterisation of the gerC and ger] loci of Bacillus subtilis 168. PhD thesis, University of Sheffield..
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Mandel M., Higa A. 1970; Calcium-dependent phage infection. . J Mol Biol 53:159–162
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Moir A., Lafferty E., Smith D.A. 1979; Genetic analysis of spore germination mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 the correlation of phenotype with map location.. J Gen Microbiol 111:165–180
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Moir A., Yazdi M.A., Kemp E.H. 1991; Spore germination genes of Bacillus subtilis 168 . Res Microbiol 142:847–850
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F., Maniatis T. 1989; Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory..
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A.R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Staden R. 1990; Finding protein coding regions in genomic sequences.. Methods Enzymol 183:163–180
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Taber H.W. 1993; Respiratory chains. In Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-positive Bacteria: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Molecular Genetics, . pp. 199–212 Sonenshein A. L., Hoch J. A., Losick R. Edited by Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Trowsdale J., Smith D.A. 1975; Isolation, characterisation and mapping of Bacillus subtilis168 germination mutants.. J Bacteriol 123:83–95
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Warburg R.J., Moir A. 1981; Properties of a mutant of Bacillus subtilis in which spore germination is blocked at a late stage.. J Gen Microbiol 124: 243–253
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Yazdi M.A. 1989; Genetic and molecular analysis of the gerC spore germination locus of Bacillus subtilis. PhD thesis, University of Sheffield..
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Yazdi M.A., Moir A. 1990; Characterization and cloning of the gerC locus of Bacillus subtilis168. J Gen Microbiol 136:1335–1342
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Zhang Y.-W., Koyama T., Ogura K. 1997; Two cistrons of the gerC operon of Bacillus subtilis encode the two subunits of heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase.. J Bacteriol 179:1417–1419
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Zuberi A.R., Feavers I.M., Moir A. 1985; Identification of three complementation units in the ger A spore germination locus of Bacillus subtilis. . J Bacteriol 162:756–762
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Zuberi A.R., Ying C., Weinreich M.R., Ordal G. 1990; Transcriptional organisation of a cloned chemotaxis locus of Bacillus subtilis. . J Bacteriol 172:1870–1876
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-8-2125
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-144-8-2125
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error