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Increased BACE1 maturation contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease in Down syndrome

Xiulian Sun^*,, Yigang Tong^*, Hong Qing^*, Chia-Hsiung Chen^*, and Weihong Song^*,,1

^* Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center,

Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

¹ Correspondence: Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. E-mail: weihong{at}interchange.ubc.ca

Almost all Down syndrome (DS) patients develop characteristic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathology, including neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, after middle age. The mechanism underlying AD neuropathology in DS has been unknown. Aß is the central component of neuritic plaques and is generated from APP by cleavage by the ß- and -secretases. Here we show that ß-secretase activity is markedly elevated in DS. The ratio of mature to immature forms of BACE1 is altered in DS. DS has significantly higher levels of mature BACE1 proteins in Golgi than normal controls. Time-lapse live image analysis showed that BACE1 proteins were predominantly immobile in Golgi in DS cells, while they underwent normal trafficking in controls. Thus, overproduction of Aß in DS is caused by abnormal BACE1 protein trafficking and maturation. Our results provide a novel molecular mechanism by which AD develops in DS and support the therapeutic potential of inhibiting BACE1 in AD and DS.—Sun, X., Tong, Y., Qing, H., Chen, C-H., Song, W. Increased BACE1 maturation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis in Down syndrome.

Key Words: amyloid ß • Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

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