Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T19:58:12.360Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From Ancient India to Medieval Shiraz: The Journey of the Ascetic Cat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Saghi Gazerani*
Affiliation:
Ohio State University with research interest in literary narrative and historiography in early Islamic Iran

Abstract

The figure of the ascetic cat, one known for his pretense to piety, appears throughout the medieval Persian literature. This study examines the movement of this literary motif along the Silk Road where Buddhism and Manichaeism facilitated its transmission into the nascent Islamic civilization. The study traces the possible paths of their journey by examining both the literary transmission of two anecdotes of the ascetic cat from India to Shiraz, as well as by considering the historical context for such transmission.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 Association For Iranian Studies, Inc

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Dāwud, Abu. Sunan. Riyadh: Maktaba Darussalam, 2008.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Jataka Tales. Translated and edited by Francis, H.T. and Thomas, E.J. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1916.Google Scholar
Anonymous. Kalilag und Damnag: Alte syrische Übersetzung des indischen Fürstenspiegel. Edited and translated by Bickell, Gustav. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhouse, 1876.Google Scholar
Anonymous. The Pancatantra: The Book of Indias Wisdom. Edited by Olivelle, P. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Al-Asfazāri, Fazlallah b. Othman b. Muhammad b., and Anonymous. Sharh-e akhbār va abyāt va amsāl-e Kalileh va Demneh. Edited by Imani, B. Tehran: Sokhan, 1395.Google Scholar
Asmussen, Jes P.Der Manichäismus als Vermittler literarischen Gutes.” Temenos 2 (1966): 1421.Google Scholar
ᶜAttār Nishāburi, Faridudin. Majmu’ehi az asār-e shaykh FaridudinAttār. Edited by Khoshnevis, A. Tehran: Sanai, 1373.Google Scholar
Ayyar, Jagadisa. South Indian Shrines. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1993.Google Scholar
Azarnush, Azartash.Ibn Muqaffa’.” In Adab-e Tāzi, III: 1665‒1686. Tehran: markaz-e dāyerat al-ma’āref-e borzorg-e eslāmi, 1395/2016.Google Scholar
Azarpay, Guitty Azarpay.A Jataka Tale on a Sasanian Silver Plate.” Bulletin of the Asia Institute 9 (1995): 99125.Google Scholar
Bendall, C.Tantrakhyana, a Collection of Indian Folklore, from a Unique Sanskrit MS. Discovered in Nepal,” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 20 (1988): 465501.Google Scholar
Bokhāri, Muhammad ibn ᶜAbdallah. Dāstān-hāye Bidpāy. Edited by Khanlari, P.N. and Roshan, M. Tehran: Khwarazmi, 1361.Google Scholar
Buryakov, Y. F., Baipakov, K.M., Tashbaeva, K.H., and Yakubov, Y. The Cities and Routes of the Great Silk Road. Tashkent: Sharg, 1999.Google Scholar
Crone, P.Buddhism as an Ancient Iranian Paganism.” In Iranian Reception of Islam, II: 212‒232. Leiden: Brill, 2017.Google Scholar
Dastghaib, Abdolali. Hāfez Shenākht. Tehran: nashr-e ‘elm, 1378.Google Scholar
De Blois, François. Burzoys Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kililah was Dimnah. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1990.Google Scholar
Kermāni, ᶜEmād Faqih. Divān-e ᶜEmād Faqih Kermāni. Edited by Homāyunfarokh, Rukn al-Din. Tehran: Ibn Sina, 1348.Google Scholar
Qazvini, Fakhr al-Zamāni. Mowlā ᶜAbd al-Nabi, Tazkare-ye Maykhāneh. Edited by al-Maᶜāni, Golchin-e. Tehran: sherkat-e haj M. H. Eqbal, 1340.Google Scholar
Ferdowsi. Shāhnāmeh. 3rd ed. Edited by Khaleqi-Motlagh, J. Tehran: markaz-e dāyerat al-maᶜāref-e borzorg-e eslāmi, 1389.Google Scholar
Gharib, Badr al-Zaman. Ravāyati az tavvalode buda: matn-e soghdi-ye vassantra jataka. 3rd ed. Tehran: Ostureh, 1388.Google Scholar
Gilani Pumani, Ali. Bolbolnāmeh. Edited by Purhavadi, N. Tehran: Farhanestān zabān va adab-e fārsi, 1983.Google Scholar
Hafiz, Khwājeh Shams al-din Muhammad. Divān. Edited by Sāyeh (Hushang Ebtehāj). Tehran: Nashr-e Kārnāmeh, 1393.Google Scholar
Haidari, A. A.A Medieval Persian Satirist.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, no. 1 (1986): 117127.Google Scholar
Hamidian, Sa’id. Sharh-e Showq: Sharh va Tahlil-e Ashāre Hāfez. Tehran: Qatreh, 1391/1973.Google Scholar
Hinüber, O. v. Handbook of Pāli Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibn Muqaffaᶜ. Kalila wa-Dimna. Edited by ᶜAzzām, ᶜAbd al-Wahhāb. Cairo: dār al-maᶜārif, 1941.Google Scholar
Shirāzi, Ibn Yusof. Fehrest-e Ketābkhāneh-ye Majles-e Showrā-ye Eslāmi. Tehran: Chāpkhāneh-ye Majles, 1318‒1321.Google Scholar
Juynboll, J. Encyclopedia of Canonical Hadith. Leiden: Brill, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khwāndamir. Habib as-Siyar. Edited by Dabir Siaqi, M. Tehran: Khayyām, 1333.Google Scholar
Kilmheit, Hans-Joachim.Buddhistische Übernahmen im iranischen un türkischen Manichäismus.” In Synkretismus in den Religionen Zentralasiens, edited by Heissig, W. and Klimheit, H. J., 5875. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrossowitz, 1987.Google Scholar
Vyasa, Krishna-Dwaipayana. The Mahabharata. Accessed December 26, 2016. http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05161.htm. The text is based on Ganguli’s late nineteenth century translation.Google Scholar
Mahjub, Muhammad Jaᶜafar. Darbāreh-ye Kalileh va Demneh. 3rd ed. Tehran: Khwarazmi, 1395.Google Scholar
Melikian-Chirvani, A. S.Buddhism-ii.” In EIr. Accessed January 30, 2017. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/buddhism-iiGoogle Scholar
Melikian-Chirvani, A. S.L’évocation l0ittéraire du bouddhisme dans l’Iran musulman.” Le monde iranien et l’Islam 2 (1974): 171.Google Scholar
Meneghini, D.Obayd Zakani.” In EIr. Accessed October 31, 2016. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/obayd-zakaniGoogle Scholar
Minui, Mojaba.Qesseh-ye mush o gorbeh-ye manzum.” Yaghma 10 (1336/1957): 401417.Google Scholar
Mir Ansari, Ali. Ketābshenāsi-yeAttār-e Neyshaāburi. Tehran: Anjoman-e asār va mafākhere farhangi, 1380.Google Scholar
Mohaddes, Ali, and Utas, Bo. The Mice and the Cat. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 2011.Google Scholar
Mottaqi, Hossein.Mush-o Gorbe-ha be revayat-e dastnevishaye kohan.” Ketāb-e Tanz 5 (1388):7493Google Scholar
Balkhi, Mowlana Jalaludin Rumi. Mathnavi. Edited by Dakani, A. Tehran: elhām, 2009.Google Scholar
Mojtabai, Fathollah.Rāy va Brahman”; “Molāhezati darbāryeh-ye a’ālam-e Kelileh va Demneh”; “Dāstān-hāye budāyi dar adabiyāt-e farsi: dāstān-e gāv-e nādān.” In Bangāleh dar qand-e pārsi: goftārhāye dar ravābet-e farhang-ye Iran va Hend [Collection of F. Mojtabai’s contribution], edited by Shahindezhi, Sh., 145174; 175‒211; 389‒393. Tehran: Sokhan, 1392.Google Scholar
Mojtabai, Fathollah.Beluhar and Budāsef.” Dāyerat al-ma’āref-e bozorg-e eslāmi 12 (1383): 531536.Google Scholar
Muhammadi Malayeri, Muhammd. Tārikh va Farhang-e Iran dar dowrān-e enteqāl azasr sāsāni beasr-e eslāmi. Tehran: Tus, 1379.Google Scholar
Nafisi, Sa’id. mohit-e zendegi va ahvāl va ashār-e Rudaki. Tehran: Ibn Sina, 1341.Google Scholar
Naeem Qazi, M., Ali Shahi, S. A., and Ashfaq, M.Jatakas: Previous Birth Stories of Buddha.” In Ghandaran Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum, edited by Shahi, Ali and Qazi, Naeem, 2448. Mansehra NWFP, Pakistan: Hazara University, 2008.Google Scholar
Naráyana. Friendly Advice and King Vikramas Adventures (Hitopadesa). Edited and translated by Torzsok, J. New York: New York University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Nasroallah Monshi, Abu al-Ma’āli. Kalileh va Demneh. 2nd ed. Edited by Minui, M. Tehran: Ahurā/Sedā-ye Moᶜāser, 1388.Google Scholar
Zākāni, ‘Obayd. Kolliyāt-e ᶜObayd-e Zākāni. Edited by Eqbal, A. and Atabaki, P. Tehran: Zavvār, 1342.Google Scholar
Zākāni, ᶜObayd. Kolliyāt-e ᶜObayd Zākāni. Edited by Mahjub, J. New York: Bibliotheca Persica, 1999.Google Scholar
Qazvini, Mirza Muhmmad Khan. Bist maqāleh-ye Qazvini: Literary and Historical Essays by Mirza Muhammad Khan bin ᶜAbdul Wahāb Qazvni. Edited by Purdavud, E. and Ashtiani, E. Tehran: Asatir, 1391.Google Scholar
Riedel, Dagmar.Kalila-Demna i.” In EIr online. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalila-demna-iGoogle Scholar
Kuwayama, Sh., “Pilgrimage Route Changes and the Decline of Gandhara” in Gandharan Buddhism: Archeology, Art, Texts:107–34 edited by Brancaccio, P. and Behrendt, K. UBC Press: Vancouver/Toronto, 2006.Google Scholar
Shafiᶜi Kadkani, M. R. Manteq al-Tayr. 14th ed. Tehran: Sokhan, 1393.Google Scholar
Söhnen Thieme, Renate.Buddhist Tales in Mahābhārata.” In Parallels and Comparisons: proceedings of the Fourth Dubrovnik International Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Puranas, September 2005. Edited by Koskikallio and Petteri. Zagreb: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2009.Google Scholar
Starr, F. Lost Enlightenment: Central Asias Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tremblay, Xavier.Serindia: Buddhism among Iranians, Tocharians and Turks before the 13th Century.” In The Spread of Buddhism, edited by Heirman, A. and Bumbacher, S. P., 75131. Leiden: Brill: 2007.Google Scholar
Vaziri, M. Buddhism in Iran: Anthropological Approach to Traces and Influences. New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warder, A. K. Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1970.Google Scholar
Yoshida, Y.Sogdian Literature i. Buddhist.” In EIr. Accessed February 2, 2017. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/sogdian-literature-01-buddhistGoogle Scholar
Zarrinkub, Abdol Hossein. Jostoju-i dar Tassavof-e Iran. Tehran: Amir Kabir, 1385.Google Scholar