Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Neurodevelopmental influences on the immune system reflecting brain pathology

  • Published:
Neurotoxicity Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A number of studies have shown that early life events can affect the development of the nervous system, contributing to particular individual differences in later vulnerability to different forms of psychosocial stress related to the environment and lifestyle.

Neuropeptides, chemokines (CKs), neurotrophins (NTs) belong to the chemical microenvironment of the cells of the central nervous system (CNS). This paper reviews research performed in our and other laboratories indicating that mass spectrometry should play a significant role in future studies of the structures of proteins/peptides in neuroscience. These applications include peptide metabolism associated with normal and impaired neurone/immune function. Detailed information about peptide/protein processing in the CNS may be studied by using the lymphocyte as a model reflecting different chemical modifications of peptides/proteins related to various psychosomatic disturbances reflecting disorders of environment and lifestyle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bajetto, A., Bonovia, R., Barbero, S., Flori, T. and Schettini, G. (2001) “Chemokines and their receptors in the central nervous system”, Front. Neuroendocrinol. 22, 147–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ballieux, R. E. (1992) “Bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune-system”, Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1(Suppl.), 6–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker, D.J.P. (1995) “Fetal origins of coronary heart disease”, Br. Med. J. 311, 171–174.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Rodin, I., Fall, C.H.D. and Winter, P.D. (1995) “Low weight gain in infancy and suicide in adult life”, Br. Med. J. 311, 1203.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barker, D.J.P. (1999) “The fetal origins of type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Ann. Intern. Med. 130, 322–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baurouch, R., Appel, E., Kazimirsky, G., Braun, A., Renz, H. and Brodie, C. (2000) “Differential regulation of neurotrophin expression by mitogens and neurotransmitters in mouse lymphocytes”, J. Neuroimmunol. 103, 112–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Becquet, D., Guillaumond, F., Bosler, O. and Francois-Bellan, A.M. (2001) “Long-term variations of AP-1 composition after CRH stimulation: consequence on POMC gene regulation”, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 175, 93–100.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist, J. and Ekman, R. (2001) “Future aspects of psychoneuroimmunology —lymphocyte peptides reflecting psychiatric disorders studied by mass spectrometry”, Arch. Phys. Biochem. 109, 369–371.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist, J., Tarkowski, A., Ewing, A. and Ekman, R. (1998) “Catecholaminergic suppresion of immunocompetent cells”, Immunol. Today 19, 562–567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist, J., Gobom, J., Blomberg, A., Roepstorff, P. and Ekman, R. (2001) “Identification of nuclei associated proteins by 2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry”, J. Neurosci. Methods 109, 3–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergquist J. and Ekman, R. (2002) “The dynamics of the cell nucleus—lymphocyte nuclei associated peptides studied by mass spectrometry and future peptidomic aspects”, In: Silberring, J. and Ekman, R., eds, Mass Spechtrometry—A Challenge in Peptide Research (Wiley, New York) 519–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, J.E. (1984) “The immune system as a sensory organ”, J. Immunol. 132, 1067–1070.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blalock, J.E. (1994) “The syntax of immune-neuroendocrine communication”, Immunol. Today 15, 504–511.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blomqvist, M., Bergquist, J., Westman, A., Håkansson, K., Håkansson, P., Fredman, P. and Ekman, R. (1999) “Identification of defensins in human lymphocyte nuclei”, Eur. J. Biochem. 263, 312–318.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burbach, J.P.H., Kovács, G.L. and De Wied, D. (1983) “A major metabolite of arginine vasopressin in the brain is a highly potent neuroptide”, Science 221, 1310–1312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burd, L., Severud, R., Kerbeshian, J. and Klug, M.G. (1999) “Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism”, J. Perinat. Med. 27, 441–450.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, H.A., Hazel, T.G. and McKay, R.D.G. (1998) “Regulation of neurogenesis by growth factors and neurotransmitters”, J. Neurobiol. 36, 287–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carmo-Fonseca, M., Mendes-Soares, L. and Campos, I. (2000) “Nature Cell”, Biology 2, E107-E112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaly, Y.V., Paleolog, E.M., Kolesnikova, T.S., Tikhonov, I.I., Petratchenko, E.V. and Voitenok, N.N. (2000) “Human neutrophil α-defensin modulates cytokine produktion in human monocytes and adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells”, Eur. Cytokine Netw. 11, 257–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chrousos, G.P. and Gold, P.W. (1992) “The concept of stress and stress systems disorders”, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 267, 1244–1252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cirulli, F. (2001) “Role of environmental factors on brain development and nerve growth factor expression”, Phys. Behav. 73, 321–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Wied, D., Diamant M. and Fodor, M. (1993) “Central nervous system effects of the neurohypophyseal hormones and related peptides”, Front. Neuroendocrinol. 14, 251–302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Wied, D., Gaffori, O., Burbach, J.P.H., Kovács, G.L. and Ree, J.M. (1987) “Structure activity relationship studies with C-terminal fragments of vasopressin and oxytocin on avoidance behaviors of rats”, J. Pharm. Exp. Therapeut. 241, 268–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drolet, G. and Rivest, S. (2001) “Corticotropin-releasing hormone and its receptors; an evaluation at the transcription level in vivo”, Peptides 22, 761–767.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, R., Servenius, B., Castro, M.G., Lowry, P.J., Cederlund, A.-S., Bergman, O. and Sjögren, H.O. (1993) “Biosynthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human T-lymphocytes”, J. Neuroimmunol. 44, 7–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, R., Gobom, J., Persson, R., Mecocci, P. and Nilsson, C.L. (2001) “Argine vasopressin in the cytoplasm and nuclear fraction of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with depression or schizophrenia”, Peptides 22, 67–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, S. and Weidenfeld, J. (1998) “The excitatory effects of amygdala on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical rexsponses are mediated by hypothalimic norepinephrine, serotonin, and CRF-41”, Brain Res. Bull. 45, 389–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, N. and Mond, J.J. (1987) “Identification of a prominent nuclear protein associated with proliferation of normal and malignant B cells”, J. Immunol. 139, 1818–1822.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gobom, J., Kraeuter, K.-O., Persson R., Steen, H., Roepstorff, P. and Ekman, R. (2000) “Detection and quantification of neurotensin in human brain tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry”, Anal. Chem. 72, 3320–3326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Görlich, D. (1998) “Transport into and out of the cell nucleus”, EMBO J. 17, 2721–2727.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Cox, L.J., Fall, C., Osmond, C. and Winter, P.D. (1991) “Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64”, Br. Med. J. 303, 1019–1022.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanash, S.M. and Teichroew, D. (1998) “Mining the human proteome: experience with the human lymphoid protein database”, Electrophoresis 19, 2004–2009.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao, H.N., Zhao, J., Lotoczky, G., Grever, W.E. and Lyman, W.D. (2001) “Induction of human beta-defensin-2 expression in human astrocytes by lipopolysaccharide and cytokines”, J. Neurochem. 77, 1027–1035.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J.P. and Cullinan, W.E. (1997) “Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis”, Trends Neurosci. 20, 78–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, E.J. and Reichart, L.F. (2001) “Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function”, Annu Rev. Neurosci. 24, 677–736.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, L. and Sapolsky, R. (1991) “The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis”, Endocrinol. Rev. 12, 118–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, T., Bergquist, J., Ekman, R., Nordhoff, E., Schurenberg, M., Klöppel, K.D., Muller, M., Lehrach, H. and Gobom, J. (2001) “A CE-MALDI interface based on the use of prestructured sample supports”, Anal. Chem. 73, 1670–1675.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, B.-N., Jeong, K.-S., Park, S.-J., Kim, S.-H., Kim, T.-H., Kim, H.-J. and Ryu, S.-Y. (2001) “Regulation of apoptosis by somatostatin and substance P in peritoneal macrophages”, Reg. Peptid. 101, 43–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keck, M.E. and Holsboer, F. (2001) “Hyperactivity of CRH neuronal circuits as a target for therapeutic interventions in affective disorders”, Peptides 22, 835–844.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerschensteiner, M., Gallmeier, E., Behrens, L., Leal, V.V., Misgeld, T., Klinkert, W.E.F., Kolbeck, R., Hoppe E., Oropeza-Wekerle, R.-L., Bartke, I., Stadelmann, C., Lassmann, H., Wekerle, H. and Hofeld, R. (1999) “Activated human T cells, B cells, and monocytes produce brain-derived neurotrophic factors in vitro and in inflammatory brain lesions: a neuroprotective role of inflammation”, J. Exp. Med. 189, 865–870.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovács, G.L., Veldhuis, H.D., Versteeg, D.H.G. and De Wied, D. (1986) “Facilitation of avoidance behavior by vasopressin fragments microinjected into limbic-midbrain structures”, Brain Res. 371, 17–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, S. (1957) “Infantile experience to physiological stress”, Science 126, 405–406.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mennicken, F., Maki, R., de Souza, E.B. and Quirion, R. (1999) “Chemokines and chemokine receptors in the CNS: a possible role in neuroinflammation and patterning”, Trends Pharm. Sci. 20, 73–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D.S. (1988) “Stimullation of RNA and protein synthesis by intracellular insulin”, Science 240, 506–509.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morel, G. (1994) “Internalization and nuclear localization of peptide hormones”, Biochem. Pharmacol. 47, 63–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, C.L., Murphy, C.M. and Ekman, R. (1997) “Isolation and characterization of proteins from human lymphocyte nuclei using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and post-source decay analysis”, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 11, 610–612.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orr, S.T., James, S.A., Miller, C.A., Barakat, B., Daikoku, N., Pupkin, M., Engsstrom, K. and Huggins, G. (1996) “Psyhosocial stressors and low birthweight in an urban population”, Am. J. Prev. Med. 12, 459–466.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peacock, J.L., Bland, J.M. and Anderson, H.R. (1995) “Preterm delivery—effects of socioeconomic factors, psychological stress, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine”, Br. Med. J. 311, 531–535.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pederson, T. (2000) “Diffusional protein transport within the nucleus: a message in the medium”, Nature Cell. Biol. 2, E73-E74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, E.M., Meiners, S., DiProspero, N.A. and Geller, H.M. (1997) “Mechanism of astrocyte-directed neurit guidance”, Cell Tissue Res. 290, 385–393.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanojeic, D. and Verdine, G.L. (1995) “Deconstruction of GCN/4GCRE into a monomeric peptide-DNA complex”, Nat. Struct. Biol. 2, 450–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, K.J. and Wente, S.R. (2000) Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 12, 361–371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tjian, R. (1995) “Molecular machins that control genes”, Sci. Am. 272, 38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turpin, P., Ossareh-Nazari, B. and Dargemont, C. (1999) “Nuclear transport and transcriptional regulation”, FEBS 452, 82–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wente, S.R. (2000) “Gatekeepers of the Nucleus”, Science 288, 1374–1377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, B.C., Spohn, W.H. and Bush, H. (1981) “Comparison of nuclear proteins of several human tumors and normal cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis”, Cancer Res. 41, 336–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, A.W., Li, W.X. and Du, Y.C. (1997) “Facilitation of AVP(4–8) on gene expression of BDNF and NGF in rat brain”, Peptides 18, 1179–1187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Experimental Neuroscience Section, Unit of Neurochemistry, Göteborg University, SE 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden

    Rolf Ekman & Rita Persson

  2. Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden

    Carol L. Nilsson

Authors
  1. Rolf Ekman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rita Persson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carol L. Nilsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ekman, R., Persson, R. & Nilsson, C.L. Neurodevelopmental influences on the immune system reflecting brain pathology. neurotox res 4, 565–572 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1080/10298420290031423

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298420290031423

Keywords

Search

Navigation