Elsevier

Pathology

Volume 29, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 131-135
Pathology

New insights into the control of cell growth; the role of the Axl family

https://doi.org/10.1080/00313029700169744Get rights and content

Summary

Axl, Dtk and Mer are recently described receptors that constitute a new receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. They bind the vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) that is structurally related to the anticoagulation factor protein S. Studies suggest a role for these receptors in developmental processes, in the function of the hematopoietic and nervous systems and in tumorigenesis.

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      Gas6 was cloned following its up-regulation in confluent cell lines where it protected cells from death after complete serum withdrawal, in the absence of significant DNA synthesis (Bellosta et al., 1997; Goruppi et al., 1999; Schneider, King, & Philipson, 1988; Stitt et al., 1995; Varnum et al., 1995). Gas6 is widely expressed in the CNS where it has important physiologically relevant functions (Allen et al., 1999; Avanzi et al., 1998; Crosier & Crosier, 1997; Fourgeaud et al., 2016; Healy et al., 2016; Prieto et al., 2000). Gas6 is expressed in and secreted by neurons including Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (Allen et al., 1999; Prieto et al., 2000).

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      The ligand for Axl is growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) (Bellosta et al., 1997; Goruppi et al., 1999). Gas6 is widely expressed in the nervous system, and is secreted by neurons and endothelial cells (Stitt et al., 1995; Varnum et al., 1995; Crosier and Crosier, 1997; Avanzi et al., 1998; Allen et al., 1999; Prieto et al., 2000); Gas6 is concentrated along the plasma membrane in resting endothelial cells (EC) (Avanzi et al., 1998). The relative affinity of Gas6 for Axl, Tyro3, and Mer receptors is Axl > Tyro3 > Mer.

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