Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-07T10:58:04.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Response of growing pigs to Peniophora lycii- and Escherichia coli-derived phytases or varying ratios of calcium to total phosphorus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

O. Adeola ,
O. A. Olukosi ,
J. A. Jendza ,
R. N. Dilger  and
M. R. Bedford
O. Adeola*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
O. A. Olukosi
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
J. A. Jendza
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
R. N. Dilger
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
M. R. Bedford
Affiliation:
Syngenta Animal Nutrition, Chestnut House, Beckhampton, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1QJ, UK.
*
†Corresponding author: E-mail: ladeola@purdue.edu
Get access

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of phytase derived from Escherichia coli (ECP) and Peniophora lycii (PLP) on performance, nutrient digestibility, and phosphorus (P) equivalency values of young pigs; and the influence of varying ratios of calcium (Ca) to total phosphorus (Ca:tP) with or without ECP on growth performance of pigs. In each experiment, 48 10-kg pigs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Experiment 1 was designed to study the efficacy of ECP and PLP in improving growth performance and bone mineralization of young pigs given a low inorganic P (iP) diet. In the experiment, pigs were blocked by weight and sex and randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments. Each treatment had six replicates. The treatments were a positive control with adequate iP (PC); a low iP negative control (NC) diet; NC with supplemental iP in the form of monosodium phosphate added to provide 0·75 or 1·50 g iP per kg diet (as-fed basis); NC with ECP or PLP added at 500 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis; one phytase unit or FTU is defined as the quantity of enzyme required to liberate 1 μmol of iP per min, at pH 5·5, from an excess of 15 μmol/l sodium phytate at 37°C). In experiment 2, the objective was to study the effect of varying Ca:tP ratio with or without ECP on growth performance of growing pigs. Pigs (eight replicates) were blocked by weight and sex and randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement of Ca:tP ratios at 1·2, 1·5, or 1·8; and ECP at 0 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis). In experiment 1, ECP ( P<0·001) and PLP ( P<0·05) linearly increased daily gain. There was a positive linear ( P<0·05) response to the supplementation of the NC diet with ECP or PLP in the mineralization of the third and fourth metacarpal bones. Phosphorus equivalency values for 500 FTU of ECP or PLP based on mineralization of the third metacarpal bone were 0·77 g or 0·572 g, respectively. There were linear ( P<0·001) and quadratic ( P<0·05) responses to ECP, and linear ( P<0·01) response to PLP in P digestibility. Neither iP supplementation nor either of the two phytases had significant effects on digestibility of dry matter, protein or energy. In experiment 2, reducing Ca:tP ratio linearly improved ( P<0·05) daily gain, food intake, and food efficiency in pigs regardless of phytase supplementation. There was an enzyme by Ca:tP interaction on food intake. These studies in young pigs showed that ECP and PLP were efficacious in improving the growth performance and bone mineralization and that reducing the Ca:tP ratio enhanced performance response to phytase supplementation.

Keywords

performancephosphorusphytasespigs
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 82 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 637 - 644
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adedokun, S. A., Sands, J. S. and Adeola, O. 2004. Determining the equivalent phosphorus released by an Escherichia coli -derived phytase in broiler chicks. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84: 437–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adeola, O. 1995. Digestive utilization of mineral by weanling pigs fed copper- and phytase-supplemented diets. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75: 603–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adeola, O., Lawrence, B. V., Sutton, A. L. and Cline, T. R. 1995. Phytase-induced changes in mineral utilization in zinc-supplemented diets for pigs. Journal of Animal Science 73: 3384–3391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adeola, O., Orban, J. I., Ragland, D., Cline, T. R. and Sutton, A. L. 1998. Phytase and cholecalciferol supplementation of low-calcium and low-phosphorus diets for pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78: 307–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adeola, O., Sands, J. S., Simmins, P. H. and Schulze, H. 2004. The efficacy of an Escherichia coli -derived phytase preparation. Journal of Animal Science 82: 2657–2666.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Augspurger, N. R. and Baker, D. H. 2004. High phytase levels maximize phytate-phosphorus utilization but do not affect protein utilization in chicks fed phosphorus- or amino acid-deficient diets. Journal of Animal Science 82: 1100–1107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Augspurger, N. R., Webel, D. W., Lei, X. G. and Baker, D. H. 2003. Efficacy of an E. coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytase-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81: 474–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baxter, C. A., Joern, B. C., Ragland, D., Sands, J. S. and Adeola, O. 2003. Phtase, high-available phosphorus corn, and storage effects on phosphorus levels in pig excreta. Journal of Environmental Quality 32: 1481–1489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caldwell, R. A. 1992. Effect of calcium and phytic acid on the activation of trypsinogen and the stability of trypsin. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 40: 43–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cromwell, G. L., Stahly, T. S., Coffey, R. D., Monegue, H. J. and Randolph, J. H. 1993. Efficacy of phytase in improving the bioavailability of phosphorus in soybean meal in corn-soybean meal diets for pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 1831–1840.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harper, A. F., Kornegay, E. T. and Schell, T. C. 1997. Phytase supplementation of low-phosphorus growing-finishing pig diets improves performance, phosphorus digestibility, and bone mineralization and reduces phosphorus excretion. Journal of Animal Science 75: 3174–3186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Igbasan, F. A., Simon, O., Miksch, G., Borriss, R., Farouk, A. and Simon, O. 2000. Comparative studies on the in vitro properties of phytase from various microbial origins. Archives of Animal Nutrition 53: 353–373.Google ScholarPubMed
Lei, X. G., Ku, P. K., Miller, E. R., Tokoyama, M. T. and Ulrey, D. E. 1994. Calcium levels affect the efficacy of supplemental microbial phytase in corn-soybean meal diets of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: 139–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lei, X. G., Ku, P. K., Miller, E. R. and Yokoyama, M. T. 1993. Supplementing corn-soybean meal diets with microbial phytase linearly improves phytate phosphorus utilization by weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 3359–3367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liao, S. F., Sauer, W. C., Kies, A. K., Zhang, Y. C., Cervantes, M. and He, J. M. 2005. Effect of phytase supplementation to diets for weanling pigs on the digestibilities of crude protein, amino acids, and energy. Journal of Animal Science 83: 625–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, B., Rafiq, A., Tzeng, Y. and Rob, A. 1998. The induction and characterization of phytase and beyond. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 22: 415–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, J., Bollinger, D. W., Ledoux, D. R. and Veum, T. L. 2000. Effects of dietary calcium:phosphorus ratios on apparent absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 78: 106–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maenz, D. D., Engele-Schaan, C. M., Newkirk, R. W. and Classen, H. L. 1999. The effect of minerals and mineral chelators on the formation of phytase-resistant and phytase-susceptible forms of phytic acid in solution and in a slurry of canola meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 81: 177–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsui, T., Nakagawa, Y., Tamura, A., Watanabe, C., Fujita, K., Nakajima, T. and Yano, H. 2000. Efficacy of yeast phytase in improving phosphorus bioavailability in a corn-soybean meal-based diet for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 78: 94–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mroz, Z., Jongbloed, A. W. and Kemme, P. A. 1994. Apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: 126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine (10th edition). National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Qian, H., Kornegay, E. T. and Conner, D. E. Jr 1996. Adverse effects of wide calcium:phophorus rations on supplemental phytase efficacy for weanling pigs fed low dietary phosphorus levels. Journal of Animal Science 74: 1288–1297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, E., Han, Y. and Lei, X. G. 1999a. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of an Eschericia coli acid phospaphatase/phytase gene (appA2) isolated from pig colon. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 257: 117–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, E., Porres, J. M., Han, Y. and Lei, X. G. 1999b. Different sensitivity of recombinant Aspergillus niger phytase (r-PhyA) and Escherichia coli pH 2·5 acid phosphatase (r-AppA) to trypsin and pepsin in vitro. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 365: 262–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodriguez, E., Wood, Z. A., Karplus, P. A. and Lei, X. G. 2000. Site-directed mutagenesis improves catalytic efficiency and thermostability of Escherichia coli pH 2·5 acid phosphate/phytase expressed in Pichia pastoris. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 382: 105–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sands, J. S., Ragland, D., Baxter, C., Sauber, T. E. and Adeola, O. 2001. Phosphorus bioavailability, growth performance, and nutrient balance in pigs fed high available phosphorus corn and phytase. Journal of Animal Science 79: 2134–2142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 2002. Statistical analysis system proprietary software, release 8·1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Sims, J. T., Simard, R. R. and Joern, B. C. 1998. Phosphorus loss in agricultural drainage: Historical perspective and current research. Journal of Environmental Quality 27: 277–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, M. and Krikorian, A. D. 1982. Inhibition of trypsin activity in vitro by phytate. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 30: 799–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahl, G. H., Han, Y. M., Roneker, K. R., House, W. A. and Lei, X. G. 1999. Phytase improves iron bioavailability for hemoglobin synthesis in young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 77: 2135–2142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamim, N. M., Angel, R. and Christman, M. 2004. Influence of dietary calcium on phytate phosphorus hydrolysis in broiler chickens. Poultry Science 83: 1358–1367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traylor, S. L., Cromwell, G. L., Lindemann, M. D. and Knabe, D. A. 2001. Effects of level of supplemental phytase on ileal digestibility of amino acids, calcium, and phosphorus in dehulled soybean meal for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 79: 2634–2642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vohra, P., Gray, G. A. and Kratzer, F. H. 1968. Phytic acid-metal complexes. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 120: 447–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wodzinski, R.J. and Ullah, A. H. 1996. Phytase. Advances in Applied Microbiology 42: 263–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyss, M., Brugger, R., Kronenberger, A., Rémy, R.Fimbel, R., Oestherhelt, G., Lehman, M. and Van Loon, A. P. G. M. 1999. Biochemical characterization of fungal phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolases): catalytic properties. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 367–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yi, Z., Kornegay, E. T., Ravindran, V., Lindemann, M. D. and Wilson, J. H. 1996. Effectiveness of Natuphos (phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in soybean meal-based semipurified diets for young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 74: 1601–1611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, L. G., Leunissen, M. and Atkinson, J. L. 1993. Addition of microbial phytase to diets of young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71: 2147–2150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed