Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:37:43.786Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Vitamin A in pregnancy and lactation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

C. J. Bates
Affiliation:
Dunn Nutritional Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Medical Research Council, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1XJ
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Symposium on ‘Vitamin A in Nutrition and Disease’
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1983

References

Abt, A. F., Aron, H. C. S., Bundesen, H. N., Delaney, M. A., Farmer, C. J., Greenebaum, R. S., Wenger, O. C. & White, J. L. (1942). Quart. Bull. Northwestern Med. Sch. Chicago 16, 245.Google Scholar
Al-Nagdy, S. A., Khattab, A. K., El Asghal, H. I. & Abdel Hady, K. (1971). Environ. Child Hlth., Dec. p. 168.Google Scholar
Apgar, J. (1977). Nutr. Rep. Int. 15, 553.Google Scholar
Baker, H., Thind, I. S., Frank, O., DeAngelis, B., Caterini, H. & Louria, D. B. (1977). Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 129, 521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basu, S. R. J. & Arulanantham, R. (1973). Ind. J. med. Res. 61, 589.Google Scholar
Bates, C. J., Prentice, A. M., Paul, A. A., Sutcliffe, B. A., Watkinson, M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1981). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 34, 928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, C. J., Prentice, A. M., Prentice, A. & Whitehead, R. G. (1982). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 76, 341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumann, C. A., Riising, B. M. & Steenbock, H. H. (1934). J. biol. Chem. 107, 705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belavady, B. & Gopalan, C. (1959). Ind. J. med. Res. 47, 234.Google Scholar
Belavady, B. & Gopalan, C. (1960). Ind. J. med. Res. 48, 518.Google Scholar
Bodansky, O., Lewis, J. M. & Lillienfeld, M. C. (1943). J. clin. Invest. 22, 643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, R. B., Mueller, D. G., Schroeder, J. R., Guyer, K. E., Kirkpatrick, B. V., Hutcher, N. E. & Ehrlich, F. E. (1978). J. Pediat. 92, 101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branstetter, R. F., Tucker, R. E. & Mitchell, G. E. (1973). Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 43, 142.Google Scholar
British Medical Association (19491950). Report of the Nutrition Committee.Google Scholar
Butte, N. F. & Calloway, D. H. (1981). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 34, 2210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrn, J. N. & Eastman, N. J. (1943). Bull. Johns. Hopkins. Hosp. 73, 132.Google Scholar
Calaustro, E. Q. & Lichton, I. J. (1968). J. Nutr. 95, 517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohlan, S. Q. (1954). Pediatrics 13, 556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coward, W. A., Howell, J. McC., Pitt, G. A. J. & Thompson, J. N. (1966). J. reprod. Fertil. 12, 309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dann, W. J. (1932). Biochem. J. 26, 1072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dann, W. J. (1934). Biochem. J. 28, 634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darby, W. J., McGanity, W. J. & Martin, M. P. (1953). J. Nutr. 51, 565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1977). The Composition of Mature Human Milk, Rep. no. 12. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1979). Recommended Daily Amounts of Food Energy and Nutrients for Groups of People in the United Kingdom, Rep. Hlth. Soc. Subj. no. 15. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Duncan, J. R. & Hurley, L. S. (1978). J. Nutr. 108, 1431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edozien, J. C., Switzer, B. R. & Bryan, R. B. (1976). Medical Evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children, vol. 11, pp. 409, 411. N. Carolina: University of N. Carolina.Google Scholar
Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council (1980). Recommended Dietary Allowances, 9th ed. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Fredrikzon, B., Hernell, O., Bläckberg, L. & Olivecrona, T. (1978). Pediat. Res. 12, 1048.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gal, I. & Parkinson, C. E. (1974). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 27, 688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gal, I., Sharman, I. M. & Pryse-Davies, J. (1972). Adv. Teratol. 5, 143.Google Scholar
Ganguly, J., Kon, S. K. & Thompson, S. Y. (1947). Br. J. Nutr. 1, iii.Google Scholar
Ganguly, J., Pope, G. S., Thompson, S. Y., Toothill, J., Edwards-Webb, J. D. & Haynforth, H. B. (1971 a). Biochem. J. 122, 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ganguly, J., Pope, G. S., Thompson, S. Y., Toothill, J., Edwards-Webb, J. D. & Haynforth, H. B. (1971 b). Biochem. J. 123, 669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, P. A., Brewer, W. D., Merritt, C. W. & Mead, H. B. (1974). Iowa State J. Res. 48, 219.Google Scholar
Gebre-Medhin, M. & Gobezie, A. (1975). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 28, 1322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gebre-Medhin, M., Vahlquist, A., Hofvander, Y., Uppsäll, L. & Vahlquist, B. (1976). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 29, 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giroud, A. (1960). In Ciba Foundation Symposium on Congenital Malformations, p. 199. [Wolstenholme, G. E. W. and O'Connor, C. M., editors]. London: Churchill.Google Scholar
Giroud, A. & Martinet, M. (1955). C.R. Soc. Biol. 149, 1088.Google Scholar
Gopalan, C. (1958). J. trop. Pediat. 4, 87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hays, R. L. & Kendall, K. A. (1956). J. Nutr. 59, 337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, B. W., Mitchell, G. E. & Little, C. O. (1968). J. Anim. Sci. 27, 516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, K. M., Kon, S. K., Mawson, E. H., Stanier, J. E. & Thompson, S. Y. (1949). Br. J. Nutr. 3, 301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoch, H. & Marrack, J. R. (1948). J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Br. Emp. 55, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howell, J. M., Thompson, J. N. & Pitt, G. A. J. (1964). J. reprod. Fert. 7, 251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howell, J. M., Thompson, J. N. & Pitt, G. A. J. (1967). Br. J. Nutr. 21, 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huber, A. M. & Gershoff, S. N. (1975). J. Nutr. 105, 1486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hume, E. M. & Krebs, H. A. (1949). Vitamin A Requirement of Human Adults: An Experimental Study of Vitamin A Deprivation in Man. Medical Research Council Spec. Rep. Ser. no. 264. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Hutchings, D. E. & Garston, J. (1974). Dev. Psychobiol. 7, 225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hytten, F. E. & Leitch, I. (1971). The Physiology of Human Pregnancy, p. 49. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Iyengar, L. & Apte, S. V. (1972). Br. J. Nutr. 27, 313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juneja, H. S., Moudgal, N. R. & Ganguly, J. (1969). Biochem. J. 111, 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juneja, H. S., Murthy, S. K. & Ganguly, J. (1966). Biochem. J. 99, 138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaucher, M., Moyer, E. Z., Richards, A. J., Williams, H. H., Wertz, A. L. & Macy, L. G. (1945). Am. J. Dis. Childh. 70, 142.Google Scholar
Knopp, R. H., Montes, A. & Warth, M. R. (1978). In Laboratory Indices of Nutritional Status During Pregnancy [Committee on Nutrition of the Mother and Preschool Child, editor]. Washington DC: National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Kon, S. K. & Mawson, E. H. (1950). Human Milk. Wartime Studies of Certain Vitamins and Other Constituents. Medical Research Council Spec. Rep. Ser. no. 269. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Lambda, P. A. & Sood, N. N. (1968). J. pediat. Ophthalmol. 5, 115.Google Scholar
Le Francois, P., Chevassus-Agnes, S., Benefice, E., Dyck, J. L., Maire, B., Parent, G., Seymat, G. & Ndiaye, A. M. (1980). Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 50, 352.Google Scholar
Lesher, M., Brody, J. K., Williams, H. H. & Macy, I. G. (1945). Am. J. Dis. Childh. 70, 182.Google Scholar
Lewis, J. M., Bodansky, O., Lillienfeld, M. C. C. & Schneider, H. (1947). Am. J. Dis. Childh. 73, 143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lorente, C. A. & Miller, S. A. (1977). J. Nutr. 107, 1816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, C. J. & Kimble, M. S. (1943a). Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 46, 207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, C. J. & Kimble, M. S. (1943b). Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 46, 486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGanity, W. J., Little, H. M., Fogelman, A., Jennings, L., Calhoun, E. & Dawson, E. B. (1969). Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 103, 773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLaren, D. S. & Ward, P. G. (1962). E. Afr. Med. J. 39, 182.Google Scholar
Meulemans, O. & de Haas, J. H. (1936). Ind. J. Pediat. 3, 57; 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montreewasuwat, N. & Olson, J. A. (1979). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 32, 601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, L. A. & Berry, M. H. (1947). J. Dairy Sci. 30, 343.Google Scholar
Moore, T. (1957). Vitamin A. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Moore, T. (1971). Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 41, 301.Google Scholar
Morse, E. H., Clarke, R. P., Keyser, D. E., Merrow, S. B. & Dee, D. E. (1975). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 28, 1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, T. K. & Erdody, P. (1971). Nutr. Rep. Int. 3, 129.Google Scholar
Neuwiler, W. (1943). Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 13, 275.Google Scholar
O'Toole, B. A., Fradkin, R., Warkany, J., Wilson, J. G. & Mann, G. C. (1974). J. Nutr. 104, 1513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palludan, B. (1966). A-Avitaminosis in Swine: A Study on the Importance of Vitamin A for Reproduction. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Parrish, D. B., Wise, G. H. & Hughes, J. S. (1947). J. biol. Chem. 167, 673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, A. A., Müller, E. M. & Whitehead, R. G. (1979). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73, 686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, A. M., Whitehead, R. G., Roberts, S. B. & Paul, A. A. (1981). Am. J. clin. Nutr. 34, 2790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, A. M., Whitehead, R. G., Roberts, S. B., Paul, A. A., Watkinson, M., Prentice, A. & Watkinson, A. A. (1980). Lancet ii, 886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pulliam, R. P., Dannenburg, W. L., Burt, R. L. & Leake, N. H. (1962). Proc. Soc. exp. biol. Med. 109, 913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, M. S. & Irwin, M. I. (1972). J. Nutr. 102, 909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, A. C. (1982). J. Lipid Res. 23, 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarada, K., Ganguly, J. & Lipner, H. (1977). Ind. J. exp. Biol. 15, 1139.Google Scholar
Sarma, V. (1959). Obstet. Gynecol. 13, 299.Google Scholar
Sauberlich, H. E. (1978). In Laboratory Indices of Nutritional Status During Pregnancy [Committee on Nutrition of the Mother and Preschool Child, editor]. Washington DC: National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Sauberlich, H. E., Hodges, R. E., Wallace, D. L., Kolder, H., Canham, J. E., Hood, J., Raica, N. & Lowry, L. K. (1974). Vitam. Horm. 32, 251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seller, M. J., Embury, S., Polani, P. E. & Adinolfi, M. (1979). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 206, 95.Google Scholar
Shenai, J. P., Chytil, F., Jhaveri, A. & Stahlman, M. T. (1981). J. Pediat. 99, 302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, E. W., Martin, G. G., Pardue, F. E. & Gorman, G. M. (1968). J. Anim. Sci. 27, 541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, Y. I., Smith, J. E. & Goodman, D. S. (1977). Am. J. Physiol. 233, E263.Google Scholar
Takahashi, Y. I., Smith, J. E., Winick, M. & Goodman, D. S. (1975). J. Nutr. 105, 1299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. N., Erdody, P., Brien, R. & Murray, K. (1971). Biochem. Med. 5, 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, J. N., Howell, J. McC. & Pitt, G. A. J. (1964). Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B 159, 510.Google Scholar
Thompson, S. Y., Kon, S. K. & Mawson, E. H. (1942). Biochem. J. 36, 17.Google Scholar
Thomson, D. L., Ruiz, E. & Bakar, M. (1964). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 58, 425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomlinson, J. E., Mitchell, G. E., Bradley, N. W., Tucker, R. E., Boling, J. A. & Schelling, G. T. (1974). J. Anim. Sci. 39, 813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toverud, K. U. & Ender, F. (1938). Acta Paediat. 18, 174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vahlquist, A. & Nilsson, S. (1979). J. Nutr. 109, 1456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vahlquist, A., Rask, L., Peterson, P. A. & Berg, T. (1975). Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 35, 569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatachalam, P. S., Belavady, B. & Gopalan, C. (1962). J. Pediatr. 61, 262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
von Lübke, F. & Finkbeiner, H. (1958). Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 29, 45.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. G., Roth, C. B. & Warkany, J. (1953). Am. J. Anat. 92, 189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1967). Requirements of Vitamin A, Thiamine, Riboflavin and Niacin, Tech. Rep. Ser. no. 362. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Group. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar